ε-Viniferin, the dimer of Resveratrol and isolated from Vitis vinifera, displays a potent inhibitory for all the CYP activities, with Ki values from 0.5-20 μM. ε-Viniferin possesses potent antioxidant capacity[1][2].
FR 901537 is a potent and competitive aromatase inhibitor. FR 901537, a novel naphthol derivative, has the potential for breast cancer research[1].
Schisandrol B is one of its major active constituents of traditional hepato-protective Chinese medicine, Schisandra sphenanthera.IC50 value:Target:in vitro: SolB pretreatment significantly attenuated the increases in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity, and prevented elevated hepatic malondialdehyde formation and the depletion of mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) in a dose-dependent manner. SolB also dramatically altered APAP metabolic activation by inhibiting the activities of CYP2E1 and CYP3A11, which was evidenced by significant inhibition of the formation of the oxidized APAP metabolite NAPQI-GSH [1]. SolB abrogated APAP-induced activation of p53 and p21, and increased expression of liver regeneration and antiapoptotic-related proteins such as cyclin D1 (CCND1), PCNA, and BCL-2.
CYP1B1-IN-5 (Compound 6q) is a potent and selective cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 nM[1].
Simmitecan hydrochloride, a 9-substituted lipophilic Camptothecin (HY-16560) derivative, is a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor. Simmitecan hydrochloride is an anticancer agent[1][2].
7-Benzyloxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin (7-BFC) is a coumarin fluorescent substrate. 7-Benzyloxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin is a substrate for cDNA-expressed CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 and is metabolized to 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (HFC). 7-Benzyloxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin is used for rapid CYP isoform metabolism and inhibition screening studies[1].
Curcumenol is one of constituents in the plants of medicinally important genus of Curcuma[1].
Ginsenoside Rd inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity with an IC50 of 12.05±0.82 μM in HepG2 cells. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits expression of COX-2 and iNOS mRNA. Ginsenoside Rd also inhibits Ca2+ influx. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9, with IC50s of 58.0±4.5 μM, 78.4±5.3 μM, 81.7±2.6 μM, and 85.1±9.1 μM, respectively.
SR9186 (ML368) is a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor with IC50 s for inhibition of midazolam → 1′hydroxymidazolam, testosterone → 6β-hydroxytestosterone, and vincristine → vincristine M1 of 9, 4, and 38 nM, respectively. SR-9186 inhibits liver-stage development of P. falciparum to block ivermectin metabolism[1].
LY43578 is an orally active aromatase inhibitor. LY43578 inhibits P-450-dependent p-nitroanisole O-demethylation and ethylmorphine N-demethylation in hepatic microsomes isolated from rat, with the IC50 of 0.3 and 5 μΜ, respectively. LY43578 can be used for neurological disorder study[1][2].
Chalepensin, a furanocoumarin, is a competitive CYP2A6 inhibitor. Chalepensin also inhibits human CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A13, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 to different extents[1].
Licopyranocoumarin is an isoflavonoid that shows CYP3A4 inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 32 μM. Licopyranocoumarin has potent neuroprotective activities[1].
Methysticin is a major kavalactone in kava extract to induce CYP1A1.
CDD3505 is used for elevating high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) by inducing hepatic cytochrome P450IIIA (CYP3A) activity.
Memantine, an amantadine derivative with low to moderate-affinity for NMDA receptors, inhibit CYP2B6 and CYP2D6 with Ki of 0.51 nM and 94.9 μM, respectively..Target: NMDA Receptor, Memantine (Ebixa, Axura, Namenda, Akatinol) is a moderate-affinity, uncompetitive, voltage-dependent, NMDA-receptor antagonist with fast on/off kinetics that inhibits excessive calcium influx induced by chronic overstimulation of the NMDA receptor. Memantine is approved in the US and the EU for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe dementia of the Alzheimer's type [1]. Memantine has considerable therapeutic potential for the myriad of clinical entities associated with NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity [2]. Memantine blocked 200 microM NMDA-evoked responses with a 50% inhibition constant (IC50) of approximately 1 microM at -60 mV and an empirical Hill coefficient of approximately 1 [3].
Isavuconazole D4 (BAL-4815 D4) is a deuterium labeled Isavuconazole (BAL-4815). Isavuconazole is a triazole prodrug with antifungal activity against yeasts, molds, and dimorphic fungi[1].
β-Apo-8'-carotenal (Apocarotenal), a provitamin A carotenoid, is an inducer of CYPlA1 and CYPlA2 in rat. β-Apo-8'-carotenal is present in many fruits and vegetables[1].
BergaptolA hydroxylated psoralen that acts as a potent inhibitors of debenzylation activity of CYP3A4 enzyme with an IC50 value of 24.92 uM. Recent studies suggest that it may have antiproliferative and anticancer properties.target: CYP3A4 [1]IC50: 24.92 [1]For in vivo enzyme activity analysis, 100 μM bergaptol was added to the cultures for an additional 24 h at 37°C. After centrifugation, the supernatant was used to measure the bergapten yield by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).[2]
α-Terpinyl acetate is a monoterpene ester isolated from Laurus nobilis L. essential oil. α-Terpinyl acetate is a competitive P450 2B6 substrate which binding to the active site of P450 2B6 with a Kd value of 5.4 μM[1][2].
Dihydromethysticin is one of the six major kavalactones found in the kava plant; has marked activity on the induction of CYP3A23.
Ketoconazole is an imidazole anti-fungal agent, a CYP3A4 and CYP24A1 inhibitor.Target: CYP3A4 CYP24A1Ketoconazole, an imidazole anti-fungal agent, has often produced features of androgen deficiency including decreased libido, gynecomastia, impotence, oligospermia, and decreased testosterone levels, in men being treated for chronic mycotic infections [1]. Ketoconazole also is a cytochrome P450 inhibitor [2].Ketoconazole (KTZ), on the antischistosomal potential of these quinolines against Schistosoma mansoni infection by evaluating parasitological, histopathological, and biochemical parameters. Mice were classified into 7 groups: uninfected untreated (I), infected untreated (II), infected treated orally with PZQ (1,000 mg/kg) (III), QN (400 mg/kg) (IV), KTZ (10 mg/kg)+QN as group IV (V), HF (400 mg/kg) (VI), and KTZ (as group V)+HF (as group VI) (VII). KTZ plus QN or HF produced more inhibition (P<0.05) in hepatic CYP450 (85.7% and 83.8%) and CYT b5 (75.5% and 73.5%) activities, respectively, than in groups treated with QN or HF alone. This was accompanied with more reduction in female (89.0% and 79.3%), total worms (81.4% and 70.3%), and eggs burden (hepatic; 83.8%, 66.0% and intestinal; 68%, 64.5%), respectively, and encountering the granulomatous reaction to parasite eggs trapped in the liver.[3] CYP24A1 inhibitor enhances antiproliferative effects, increases systemic calcitriol exposure, and promotes the activation of caspase-independent apoptosis pathway.[4]
1-Ethynylnaphthalene is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1B1.
Arasertaconazole is a potent 14α-lanosterol demethylase inhibitor. Arasertaconazole has antifungal and antibacterial activity[1].
CDD3506 is used for elevating high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) by inducing hepatic cytochrome P450IIIA (CYP3A) activity.
N-Desmethyl Apalutamide is an active metabolite of Apalutamide. N-Desmethyl Apalutamide is a less potent antagonist of the androgen receptor and is responsible for one-third of the activity of Apalutamide. The formation of N-Desmethyl Apalutamide mediated predominantly by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4. N-Desmethyl Apalutamide is moderate to strong CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 inducer and has an excellent plasma-proteins bound concentration[1][2][3].
LY56110 is an orally active aromatase inhibitor. LY56110 inhibits P-450-dependent p-nitroanisole O-demethylation and ethylmorphine N-demethylation in hepatic microsomes isolated from rat, with the IC50 of 2.5 and 11 μΜ, respectively. LY56110 can be used for neurological disorder study[1][2].
20-HETE inhibitor-1 (comp 83) is a 20-HETE formation inhibitor[1]
Quinidine sulfate dihydrate is a potent and selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450db and inhibits amphetamine metabolism in vivo[1]. Quinidine sulfate dihydrate enhances the cytotoxicity of vincristine (VCR) in tumor cells and especially in VCR-resistant sublines of P388 leukemia (P388/VCR) and human myelogenous leukemia[2].
4-(Trifluoromethyl)umbelliferone is fluorescent probe substrate for rat hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes[1].
Metyrapone is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450-mediated ω/ω-1 hydroxylase activity and CYP11B1.Target: CYP11B1Metyrapone is a drug used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency and occasionally in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome (hypercortisolism). Metyrapone blocks cortisol synthesis by reversibly inhibiting steroid 11β-hydroxylase. This stimulates ACTH secretion, which in turn increases plasma 11-Deoxycortisol levels.