Palifermin is the recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (KGF). Palifermin induces cells growth. Palifermin shows antimucotoxic. Palifermin can be used to decrease the oral mucosal injury induced by cytotoxic therapy[1][2][3].
2-Methoxy-2,4-diphenylfuran-3-one is a fluorescent compound which can be used to label gelatin as a substrate for detection of the gelatin degrading MMP-2 and MMP-9 by zymography[1].
Spiroxatrine (R 5188) is a selective, dual antagonist of 5-HT1α and α2-adrenergic, with the Ki values of 3.94, 224000, 118.5 nM for 5-HT1α，5-HT1β and 5-HT2，respectively. Spiroxatrine (R 5188) has a sedative effect[1][2][3][4].
Triphala, an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation comprising of equiproportional fruit parts of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica, and Phyllanthus emblica[1]. Triphala inhibits NF-κB activation. Triphala exerts antifungal action[2]. Anti-adipogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neoplastic activities.
Invopressin (Compound 42) is a vasopressin V1A receptor partial agonist (EC50: 1.0 nM). Invopressin can be used for research of cirrhosis, including bacterial peritonitis, HRS2 and refractory ascites[1].
LH 1 is an immunostimulant used in antitumor treatment.
SC-58125 is a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), with an IC50 of 0.04 μM. SC-58125 exhibits antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo, and it also can inhibit edema at the inflammatory site and is analgesic[1][2][3].
Akuammidine, isolated from the seeds of Picralima nitida, shows a preference for μ-opioid binding sites with Ki values of 0.6, 2.4 and 8.6 μM at μ-, σ- and κ-opioid binding sites, respectively. Akuammidine possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic properties[1][2].
6′-Galactosyllactose is the main oligosaccharide that makes up galactose, a component of human milk. 6′-Galactosyllactose can synthesize human milk oligosaccharides and synthetic galactosyllactose with 3′-Galactosyllactose and 4′-Galactosyllactose, and reduce inflammation in human T84, NCM-460 and H4 cells and intestinal tissues[1].
SM 16 is a ALK5/ALK4 kinase inhibitor with Kis of 10 and 1.5 nM, respectively.
Trimethylamine N-oxide is a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients. Trimethylamine N-oxide induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome. Trimethylamine N-oxide also accelerates fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and induces cardiac fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway[1][2][3].
TK05 is a potent and selective inhibitor of leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) with an IC50 of 95 nM[1].
Gefurulimab (ALXN-1720) is a human-derived bispecific antibody against complement C5 and albumin that binds C5 and blocks its activation[1].
Brompheniramine maleate is a histamine H1 receptors antagonist.Target: Histamine H1 ReceptorBrompheniramine maleate, is an antihistamine drug of the propylamine (alkylamine) class. It is readily available over the counter and is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis. It is a first-generation antihistamine. Brompheniramine has antidepressant properties, inhibiting reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Based on this knowledge, Arvid Carlsson and his colleagues, working at the Swedish company Astra AB, were able to derive the first marketed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, zimelidine, from brompheniramine. Brompheniramine had a long half-life and large volume of distribution in normal adults. It also had a prolonged antihistaminic effect in the skin as evidenced by suppression of the wheal and flare response to histamine and by suppression of pruritus [1, 2].
Firastotug is an IgG1κ antibody targeting CTLA4. CTLA4 is a cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein and a key immune checkpoint in the fields of autoimmunity and cancer[1].
ERA63 is a selective estrogen receptor α agonist.
Immuno modulator-1 (compound 22) inhibits TNFα and IL-2 secretion in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC), with IC50 values of 4.7 and 26 nM, respectively. Immuno modulator-1 shows hERG potassium channel blocking effect, with Inhibitory percentage of 20% at 3 μM[1].
Isoxepac (HP 549) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity. Isoxepac has been studied in rat, rabbit, dog, rhesus monkey, etc[1][2][3].
(2E)-OBAA is a potent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 70 nM. (2E)-OBAA induces apoptosis of HUVEC cells. (2E)-OBAA blocks Melittin-induced Ca2+ influx in Trypanosoma brucei, with an IC50 of 0.4 μM[1][2][3][4].
Raspberry ketone glucoside is a natural product in raspberry fruit. Raspberry ketone glucosidev has the inhibitory effect on the melanin synthesis[1].
Gefapixant citrate is an orally active and potent purinergic P2X3 receptor (P2X3R) antagonist, with IC50 values of ~30 nM versus recombinant hP2X3 homotrimers and 100-250 nM at hP2X2/3 heterotrimeric receptors. Gefapixant citrate can be used for the research of chronic cough and knee osteoarthritis[1][2][3].
Kynurenic acid, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, is a broad-spectrum antagonist targeting NMDA, glutamate, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Kynurenic acid is also a selective ligand of the GPR35 receptor.
KIRA6 allosterically inhibits IRE1α RNase kinase activity with an IC50 of 0.6 µM.
HIV-1 inhibitor-27 (compound 5) is a potent HIV-1 inhibitor with IC50s of 16 μM, 0.5 μM and 0.39 μM for HIV-1 YU2, NL4-3 and 89.6 strain, respectively. HIV-1 inhibitor-27 has low cytotoxicity with a CC50 of 128 μM in TZM-bl cells. HIV-1 inhibitor-27 can be used for researching AIDS[1].
Prednicarbate is a topical corticosteroid agent. Prednicarbate can be used for the research of inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis[1][2].
Suc-AAPF-pNA (Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA) is a chromogenic p-nitroanilide (pNA) substrate with the Km of 1.7 mM. Suc-AAPF-pNA can be used for the Measurement of free and membrane-bound cathepsin G in human neutrophils[1].
Ganoderic acid C1, a natural compound that could be isolated from G. lucidum, suppresses TNF-α production by murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells)[1].
Tautomycin, an antifungal antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillatus, is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A and induces contraction of smooth muscle under Ca2+-free conditions, with Kiapp values of 0.16 nM and 0.4 nM for PP1 and PP2A, respectively[1][2].
Calcium alginate is a biopolymer that can be used for developing oral drug-delivery systems[1]. Calcium alginate is a pH sensitive hydrogel stable in acidic media and soluble in basic media[2].
Buclizine is an orally active antihistamine antiallergic compound. Buclizine is a potent teratogen in the rat and shows anti-tumor activity[1][2][3].