FASN-IN-5 (example 11), a FASN inhibitor, can be used for the research of TH17- or CSF1 -mediated disease or disorder such as cancer, immunological disorders, and obesity[1].
Rosolic Acid is an activator of Nrf2, as well as its downstream targets. Rosolic Acid increases the levels of angiogenic factors, decreases inflammation (TNF-α and IL-1β) and apoptotic markers (CXCL10 and CCL2). Rosolic Acid restores the function of pancreatic cells and protects endothelial cells (ECs) from endoplasmic reticulum stressed[1].
(Rac)-Sitagliptin-d4((Rac)-MK-0431-d4) hydrochloride is a labelled racemic Sitagliptin. Sitagliptin (MK-0431) hydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of DPP4 with an IC50 of 19 nM in Caco-2 cell extracts[1].
APX-115 (Ewha-18278) is a potent, orally active pan NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor with Ki values of 1.08 μM, 0.57 μM, and 0.63 μM for Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4, respectively. APX-115 can protect ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes-induced renal injury. APX-115 effectively prevents kidney injury such as albuminuria, glomerular hypertrophy, tubular injury, podocyte injury, fibrosis, and inflammation as well as oxidative stress in diabetic mice[1].
Fructosyl-lysine (Fructoselysine) dihydrochloride is an amadori glycation product from the reaction of glucose and lysine by the Maillard reaction. Fructosyl-lysine dihydrochloride is the precursor to glucosepane, a lysine–arginine protein cross-link that can be an indicator in diabetes detection[1].
β2AR/M3-receptor agonist-1 (example 9) is a potent β2AR and M3 receptor agonist. β2AR/M3-receptor agonist-1 shows M3 receptor affinity with a pIC50 value of 9.3. β2AR/M3-receptor agonist-1 has the potential for the research of respiratory tract disorders[1].
DL-Alanine-13C2 (DL-2-Aminopropionic acid-13C2) is the 13C-labeled DL-Alanine. DL-alanine, an amino acid, is the racemic compound of L- and D-alanine. DL-alanine is employed both as a reducing and a capping agent, used with silver nitrate aqueous solutions for the production of nanoparticles. DL-alanine can be used for the research of transition metals chelation, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(11). DL-alanine, a sweetener, is classed together with glycine, and sodium saccharin. DL-alanine plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle between tissues and liver[1][2][3][4][5][6].
γ-Glu-Tyr, a competitive inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) (IC50=6.77 mM), is a potentially functional component of the type 2 diabetes diet[1].
H-Gly-Pro-OH is an end product of collagen metabolism that is further cleaved by prolidase.
Gemcabene (PD-72953), a first-in-class lipid-lowering agent, lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), decreases triglycerides, and raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and lowers pro-inflammatory acute-phase protein, C-reactive protein (CRP), exerting anti-inflammatory activity[1][2][3].
Sesaminol, isolated from Justicia orbiculata, has antioxidative activity, Sesaminol inhibits lipid peroxidation and shows neuroprotection effect. Sesaminol potently inhibits MAPK cascades by preventing phosphorylation of JNK, p38 MAPKs, and caspase-3 but not ERK-MAPK expression[1][2][3][4].
Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is a potent stimulator of 6-Phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-1) and also inhibits Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase.
LJ570 is a PPARα/PPARγ dual agonist with EC50s of 1.05 and 0.12 μM, respectively[1].
Melanin Concentrating Hormone, salmon is a 19-amino-acid neuropeptide initially identified in the pituitary gland of teleost fish, which regulates food intake, energy balance, sleep state, and the cardiovascular system. Melanin-concentrating hormone is a ligand for an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (SLC-1/GPR24) and MCHR2.
Guanosine-5'-triphosphate disodium salt (5'-GTP trisodium salt) is an activator of the signal transducing G proteins and also serves as an energy-rich precursor of mononucleotide units in the enzymatic biosynthesis of DNA and RNA[1].
VCE-004.8, a semi-synthetic multitarget cannabinoquinoid, is a specific PPARγ and CB2 receptor dual agonist with potent anti-inflammatory activity[1]. VCE-004.8 inhibits prolyl-hydroxylases (PHDs) and activates the HIF pathway. VCE-004.8 attenuates adipogenesis and prevents diet-induced obesity[2].
2,6-Dibromophenol-d3 is the deuterium labeled 2,6-Dibromophenol[1]. 2,6-Dibromophenol is an endogenous metabolite.
16α-Hydroxyestrone (16αOHE) is a major Estradiol metabolite. 16α-Hydroxyestrone (16αOHE) can be used for the research of metabolic disease[1].
D-Histidine is an enantiomer of L-histidine (HY-N0832). L-Histidine is an essential amino acid for infants. L-Histidine is an inhibitor of mitochondrial glutamine transport[1].
Retagliptin Phosphate is pharmaceutical composition of DPP-4 inhibitor for treating type-2 diabetes.
Thyroxine sulfate is a thyroid hormone metabolite.
Methyl arachidonate (Arachidonic acid methyl ester) is a fatty acid methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of arachidonic acid with methanol. Methyl arachidonate has activity of human blood serum metabolite[1].
GPR120 modulator 2 is useful for modulating G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120).
Chol-5-en-24-al-3β-ol is a steroid compound (Vitamin D3 derivative) extracted from patent US 4354972 A, Compound IX.
Biotin-DADOO is a biotinylation reagent, which can be used to synthesize a biotin-estradiol conjugate (i.e., biotin-DADOO-estradiol) to develop a direct, broad range enzyme immunoassay to measure plasma estradiol concentrations.
AmLexanox is a specific inhibitor of IKKε and TBK1, and inhibits the IKKε and TBK1 activity determined by MBP phosphorylation with an IC50 of approximately 1-2 μM.
Cryptosporioptide A (Compound 3) is a pigment protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor derived from the insect-parasitic fungus Cordyceps gracilioides. Cryptosporioptide A inhibits PTP1B, SHP2, CDC25B, LAR and SHP1 enzymes with IC50 of 7.3, 5.7, 7.6, >50, 4.9 μg/mL, respectively[1].
Aldafermin (NGM282) is an analog of fibroblast growth factor 19. Aldafermin can be used for the research of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)[1].
Eudesmin ((-)-Eudesmin) impairs adipogenic differentiation via inhibition of S6K1 signaling pathway. Eudesmin possesses diverse therapeutic effects, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial activities[1].
GLP-1 (1-36) amide (human, rat) (Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (1-36) amide (human, rat)) is a molecular variant of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-(7-36) amide. GLP-1 (1-36) amide (human, rat) can stimulate [14C]aminopyrine accumulation on enzymatically dispersed enriched rat parietal cells[1].