Citric acid trisodium is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid trisodium induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase. Citric acid trisodium cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid trisodium causes renal toxicity in mice[1][2][3].
Mitiglinide calcium hydrate is a drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes; it is a highly selective KATP channel antagonist. IC50 value:Target: KATP channel
Amaroswerin is a bioactive secoiridoid glucoside from Swertia mussotii. Amaroswerin has anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiviral, anticholinergic and immunomodulatory activities. Amaroswerin inhibits NO release with an IC50 value of 5.42 μg/mL in RAW264.7 cells[1].
10,12-Tricosadiynoic acid is a highly specific, selective, high affinity and orally active acyl-CoA oxidase-1 (ACOX1) inhibitor. 10,12-Tricosadiynoic acid can treat high fat diet- or obesity-induced metabolic diseases by improving mitochondrial lipid and ROS metabolism[1].
Cimicifugoside H-1, a cyclolanostanol xyloside, is a major constituent of C. foetida L. extract. Cimicifugoside H-1 inhibits bone resorption and ovariectomy-induced bone loss[1][2][3].
Microsomal aminopeptidase (microsomal aminoptidase) was first reported from C. elegans. The Microsomal aminopeptidase is beneficial for the development of molecular vaccines against parasitic nematodes[1].
L-Gulose, the putative furanose form of L-sorbosone, is an L-hexose sugar and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of L-Ascorbate (vitamin C)[1].
11β-HSD1-IN-9 (compound c4a) is a potent 11β-HSD1 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.48 and 1.3 µM for human and murine 11β-HSD1, respectively. 11β-HSD1-IN-9 competitively interacts with rat 11β-HSD1. 11β-HSD1-IN-19 can be used in studies of obesity, hyperglycemia and cognitive impairment[1].
D-Asparagine (H-D-Asn-OH) is a competitive inhibitor of L-Asparagine hydrolysis with a Ki value of 0.24 mM. D-Asparagine is a source of nitrogen for yeast strains. D-Asparagine is a good substrate for the external yeast asparaginase but is a poor substrate for the internal enzyme[1].
CLK8 is a potent and specific CLOCK inhibitor that can disrupt the interaction between CLOCK and BMAL1 and interfere with nuclear translocation of CLOCK. CLK8 can be used for the research of disorders associated with dampened circadian rhythms[1].
Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase is a key intermediate in glycerol metabolism. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase can be extracted from Escherichia coli. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase is the skeleton of phospholipids in membrane lipids, and also the substrate of respiratory chain. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase produces electrons through oxidation[1].
Pristanic acid is an endogenous metabolite present in Blood that can be used for the research of Alpha Methylacyl CoA Racemase Deficiency and Zellweger Syndrome[1][2][3].
Alcohol dehydrogenase is a dimeric protein in the cytosol of cells. Alcohol dehydrogenase, the key enzyme for alcohol consumption in the body, is the highest expressed in the liver and participates in the detoxification mechanism of environmental alcohol[1].
Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) is a fatty acid derivatized analog of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide with improved antihyperglycaemic and insulinotropic properties. Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) can be used for research of diabetes, insulin resistance and obesity[1][2][3].
Eriodictyol chalcone possesses both anti-aromatase and an anti-17β-HSD activity[1].
Camostat Mesylate(FOY305; FOY-S980) is a trypsin-like protease inhibitorTarget: Trypsin-like proteaseCamostat mesilate (500 mM) inhibits generation of TGF-beta by suppressing plasmin activity and reduces the activity of TGF-beta, which blocks in vitro activation of HSCs [1]. Camostat mesilate (20 mM) combined with insulin results a significant hypoglycemic effect following large intestinal administration. Camostat mesilate (20 mM) is effective in reducing insulin degradation in both small and large intestinal homogenates of rats [2]. Camostat mesilate (2 mM) inhibits MCP-1 and TNF- production in activated rat monocytes. Camostat mesilate (2 mM) inhibits proliferation and MCP-1 production of cultured rat PSCs. Camostat mesilate (1 mg/g) prevents pancreatic atrophy and improves pancreatic exocrine function of rat chronic pancreatitis induced by DBTC. Camostat mesilate (1 mg/g) inhibits chronic inflammation and pancreatic fibrosis induced by DBTC. Camostat mesilate (1 mg/g) inhibits the development of pancreatic fibrosis and PSCs activation in the pancreas induced by DBTC. Camostat mesilate (1 mg/g) suppresses monocytes infiltration and inhibits MCP-1 expression both in serum and in pancreatic tissue [3].
(±)-Pantothenic acid ((±)-Pantothenate), a B-vitamin, is an essential vitamin required for the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) in mammalian cells. Pantothenic acid has protective activity against valproic acid (VPA)-induced neural tube defects (NTD) in CD-1 mice[1].
CLP-3094 is a potent BF3 (binding function 3)-directed inhibitor of the androgen receptor (AR). CLP-3094 inhibits AR transcriptional activity (IC50=4 μM)[1]. CLP-3094 is a selective, potent GPR142 antagonist[2].
Phentolamine hydrochloride is an orally active adrenergic α receptor-blocking agent[1].
D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate hexapotassium salt is the hexapotassium salt of D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (1,4,5-IP3), which is a second messenger that stimulates the discharge of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Octanedioic acid is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency.
1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate-d62 (sodium) is deuterium labeled 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate sodium (compound 3-F7) is a phosphatidic acid and a human endogenous metabolite[1].
Norcholic acid is a normal minorbile C23 bile acid having four side chain and exsits in human urine and meconium. Norcholic acid can become prominent under certain pathological conditions. Norcholic acid is efficiently absorbed from intestine and quickly excreted into the bile but not into urine[1].
Pirinixic acid (Wy-14643) is a potent agonist of PPARα, with EC50s of 0.63 μM, 32 μM for murine PPARα and PPARγ, and 5.0 μM, 60 μM, 35 μM for human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively.
(+)-Balanophonin is a phenolic compound that could be isolated from Passiflora edulis. (+)-Balanophonin possesses anti-oxidant, anticholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antineurodegenerative activities[1].
Ercalcidiol is a metabolite of vitamin D2, is regarded as an indicator of vitamin D nutritional status.
Dacisteine (N,S-Diacetyl-L-cysteine) is a cysteine derivative and displays a less New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1000 μM[1]. Dacisteine can be used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases caused by platelet aggregation[2].
4-Methylumbelliferyl β-cellotrioside, a chromogenic substrate for β-glycosidases, is a cellulose fluorescent derivative[1].
4-Methyl-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl decanoate is a fluorogenic substrate used to follow the hydrolytic activity of carboxylesterases[1].
IOWH-032 is a novel and potent CFTR inhibitor (IC50=1.01 uM) in T84 and CHO-CFTR cell based assays.IC50 value: 1.01 uM (CHO-CFTR FLIPR) [1]Target: CFTRProfiling of iOWH032 showed it to be a CFTR inhibitor in T84 and CHO-CFTR cell based assays. It also demonstrated statistical significant inhibition at both 100 g & 10 g doses in the mouse closed-loop model. iOWH032 was further profiled in a cecetomized rat model. iOWH032 reduced the fecal output index by ~70%, compared to vehicle (choleratoxin), up to 8 hours after a single 5 mg/kg po dose.