Xaliproden hydrochloride (SR57746A) is a potent, selective and orally active agonist of 5-HT1A receptor, shows a high affinity for 5-HT1A specific binding sites in the rat hippocampus (IC50=3 nM). Xaliproden hydrochloride is also a selective antagonist of dopamine D2 receptor, has moderate affinity (IC50=0.1-1 μM). Xaliproden hydrochloride exhibits anti-depression and anti-anxiety effects, and it may possess therapeutic potential for the research of neurodegenerative diseases[1][2][3].
Ac-RYYRWK-NH2 is a potent and selective partial agonist for the nociceptin receptor (NOP), [3H]Ac-RYYRWK-NH2 binds to rat cortical membranes ORL1 with a Kd of 0.071 nM, but has no affinity for µ-, κ- or δ-opioid receptors[1].
Quetiapine Sulfoxide is a metabolite of Quetiapine. Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and along with an antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder.
Anticonvulsant agent 3 is a 2-amino derivative with anticonvulsant activity[1].
Methylpiperic acid is a piperine alkaloid with significant MAO inhibitory activity (IC503.6 μM). Methylpiperic acid is less effective against MAO-B (IC 501.6 μM) than MAO-A (IC5027.1 μM) has a bidirectional inhibitory effect. Methylphenidate is used to treat mental disorders [1].
Quetiapine D4 hemifumarate is the deuterium labeled Quetiapine hemifumarate. Quetiapine hemifumarate is a 5-HT receptors agonist and a dopamine receptor antagonist. Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects[1].
Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride is a type of anthocyanin. Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride inhibits hyperbaric pressure-induced GLAST decrease. Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride has the potential for the research of glaucoma[1].
Granisetron-d3 (BRL 43694-d3) is the deuterium labeled Granisetron. Granisetron (BRL 43694) is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used as an antiemetic to treat nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy[1][2].
TDP1 Inhibitor-2 (compound 5) is a potent inhibitor for TDP1 (tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1), with an IC50 of 99 nM. TDP1 Inhibitor-2 also can inhibit SCAN1 (spinocerebellar ataxia syndrome with axonal neuropathy), with an IC50 of 3.5 μM[1].
ATP is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo, provides the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serves as a coenzyme in cells.
Asiaticoside, a trisaccaride triterpene from Centella asiatica, suppresses TGF-β/Smad signaling through inducing Smad7 and inhibiting TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII in keloid fibroblasts; Asiaticoside shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer properties.
Methylnaltrexone D3 Bromide is the deuterium labeled Methylnaltrexone Bromide. Methylnaltrexone Bromide is a peripheral-acting opioid receptor antagonist that acts on the gastrointestinal tract to decrease opioid-induced constipation.
NNC-711 (hydrochloride) is a potent and selective inhibitor of GAT-1 ( GABA transporter 1) with an IC50 of 40 nM for hGAT-1. NNC-711 has anticonvulsant and analgesic effect in vivo and exhibits cognition-enhancing activity[1][2][3].
NS11394 is a potent and subtype-selective GABA(A) receptor-positive modulator; possesses a functional efficacy selectivity profile of alpha(5) > alpha(3) > alpha(2) > alpha(1) at GABA(A) alpha subunit-containing receptors.IC50 value:Target: GABA A receptor modulatorin vitro: NS11394 is unique in having superior efficacy at GABA(A)-alpha(3) receptors while maintaining low efficacy at GABA(A)-alpha(1) receptors. NS11394 has an excellent pharmacokinetic profile, which correlates with pharmacodynamic endpoints (CNS receptor occupancy), yielding a high level of confidence in deriving in vivo conclusions anchored to an in vitro selectivity profile and allowing for translation to higher species [2]. in vivo: Oral administration of NS11394 (1-30 mg/kg) to rats attenuated spontaneous nociceptive behaviors in response to hindpaw injection of formalin and capsaicin, effects that were blocked by the benzodiazepine site antagonist flumazenil [1]. NS11394 impairs memory in both rats and mice, which is possibly attributable to its efficacy at GABA(A)-alpha(5) receptors, albeit activity at this receptor might be relevant to its antinociceptive effects [2].
Chalepensin, a furanocoumarin, is a competitive CYP2A6 inhibitor. Chalepensin also inhibits human CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A13, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 to different extents[1].
VRK-IN-1 is a potent and selective inhibitor of vaccinia-related kinases 1 (VRK1), with an IC50 of 150 nM. VRK1 is human Ser/Thr protein kinases associated with increased cell division and neurological disorders[1].
hBChE-IN-1 (compound 4), a quinolizidinyl derivative, is a potent hBChE inhibitor (IC50=7 nM) and highly selective over hAChE. hBChE-IN-1 shows inhibitory activity against tau and Aβ40 protein aggregation, with IC50 values of 20 and 4.3 μM, respectively. hBChE-IN-1 can be used for Alzheimer's disease research[1].
PPADS tetrasodiuma is a non-selective P2X receptor antagonist. PPADS tetrasodiuma blocks recombinant P2X1, -2, -3, -5 with IC50s ranging from 1 to 2.6 μM. PPADS tetrasodiuma blocks native P2Y2-like (IC50~0.9 mM) and recombinant P2Y4 (IC50~15 mM) receptors. PPADS tetrasodiuma is an inhibitor of the reverse mode of the Na/Ca²⁺exchanger in guinea pig airway smooth muscle[1][2].
Ispronicline (TC-1734), an orally active, brain-selective α4β2 nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist, has shown memory-enhancing properties in rodents and a good tolerability profile. Ispronicline binds to the α4β2 nAChR with high affinity (Ki=11 nM) and is highly selective to other nAChRs such as α7 nAChR and α3β4 nAChR[1][2].
PHF6 (VQIVYK) is a self-assembly sequence capable of initiating the full-length tau protein aggregation and is mapped to the third microtubule-binding repeat region of the tau protein[1].
L-Alanine-3-13C (L-2-Aminopropionic acid-3-13C) is the 13C-labeled L-Alanine. L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.
mAChR-IN-1 is a potent muscarinic cholinergic receptor(mAChR) antagonist with IC50 of 17 nM.
O-Phospho-L-serine is the immediate precursor to L-serine in the serine synthesis pathway, and an agonist at the group III mGluR receptors (mGluR4, mGluR6, mGluR7, and mGluR8); O-Phospho-L-serine also acts as a weak antagonist for mGluR1 and a potent antagonist for mGluR2.
Quetiapine(Ketipinor) is an atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar I mania, bipolar II depression, bipolar I depression.IC50 value: Target: 5-HT ReceptorQuetiapine is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia as well as for the treatment of acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. The antipsychotic effect of quetiapine is thought by some to be mediated through antagonist activity at dopamine and serotonin receptors. Specifically the D1 and D2 dopamine, the alpha 1 adrenoreceptor and alpha 2 adrenoreceptor, and 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 serotonin receptor subtypes are antagonized. Quetiapine also has an antagonistic effect on the histamine H1 receptor.
Ryanodine is a cell permeant ryanodine receptor modulator. Ryanodine can either stimulate or inhibit Ryanodine-mediated Ca2+ release depending on its concentrations. Poisonous diterpenoid found in Ryania speciosa.
Befloxatone (MD-370503) is an orally active, selective and reversible inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase A (MAO-A) (IC50=4 nM). Befloxatone increases the tissue level of monoamine, striatal dopamine and cortical norepinephrine. Befloxatone has antidepressant potential[1].
A2AR-agonist-1 is a potent A2AR and ENT1 agonist with Ki of 4.39 and 3.47 for A2AR and ENT1.IC50 value: 4.39 and 3.47 (Ki) [1]Target: A2AR and ENT1A2AR-agonist-1 is a novel dual-action compound, targeting the Adenosine A2A Receptor and Adenosine Transporter for Neuroprotection.[1]
Dibucaine is a local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia.Target: Sodium ChannelDibucaine is an amide local anesthetic. Dibucaine reduced the degradation of BSA-gold complex in the reservosomes, which was not caused either by an inhibition of the whole proteolytic activity of the parasite or by a reduction on the expression levels of cruzipain [1].Dibucaine, a quaternary ammonium compound, inhibited SChE to a minimum within 2 min in a reversible manner. The inhibition was very potent. It had an IC(50) of 5.3 microM with BuTch or 3.8 microM with AcTch. The inhibition was competitive with respect to BuTch with a K(i) of 1.3 microM and a linear-mixed type (competitive/noncompetitive) with respect to AcTch with inhibition constants, K(i) and K(I) of 0.66 and 2.5 microM, respectively. Dibucaine possesses a butoxy side chain that is similar to the butryl group of BuTch and longer by an ethylene group from AcTch [2].
L-655708 is a potent α5 subunit-selective GABAA receptor inverse agonist (Ki = 0.45 nM).IC50: 0.45 nM (Ki)Target: GABAin vitro: L-655708 is a potent, selective inverse agonist for the benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptors containing the α5 subunit (Ki = 0.45 nM). Displays 50-100-fold selectivity over GABAA receptors containing α1, α2, α3 orα6 subunits in combination with β3 and γ2. Enhances LTP in a mouse hippocampal slice model and increases spatial learning, without displaying proconvulsant activity.in vivo: L-655708 at 0.7 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally, would result in 60-70% occupancy of α5 GABAA receptors with limited binding to α1, α2, and α3 subunit-containing GABAA receptors and no significant off-target behavioral effects, such as sedation and motor impairment.[1]
Miraculin (1-20) is a peptide, comprised of 20 amino acids[1].