TWIK-1/TREK-1-IN-1 (compound 2a) is an inhibitor of the TWIK-related potassium channel (Potassium Channel) TREK-1. TREK-1 contains a two-pore domain potassium (K2p) channel that dimerizes into TREK-1 homodimer and TWIK-1/TREK-1 heterodimer, and is an important antidepressant target. TWIK-1/TREK-1-IN-3 targets TREK-1 homodimer and TWIK-1/TREK-1 heterodimer with IC50s of 9.36 μM and 14.6 μM, respectively, and has antidepressant-like effects[1].
PE154 (Compound 13) is a potent fluorescent inhibitor of human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (IC50s=280 pM and 16 nM, respectively)[1]. PE154 can label β-amyloid plaques in histochemical analysis[2].
SERT-IN-2 is a potent SERT inhibitor (IC50=0.58 nM) with promising anti-depression efficacy. SERT-IN-2 shows good bioavailability of 83.28% in rats. SERT-IN-2 can cross the blood-brain barrier[1].
Preclamol hydrochloride ((-)-3-PPP hydrochloride) is a selective dopamine autoreceptor agonist. Preclamol hydrochloride has the potential for the research of schizophrenia[1][2].
α-Glucosidase-IN-4 is a reversible and mixed type α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 12.98 μM, a KI of 27.02 μM, and a KIS of 13.65 μM, respectively[1].
Landipirdine is a selective antagonist of 5-HT6R. Landipirdine has great effect on the hERG pharmacophore[1].
RX 67668 is a potent cholinesterase inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 μM for both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase. RX 67668 can reverse the neuromuscular blockade induced by D-tubocurarine. RX 67668 is a muscle relaxant used to relieve skeletal muscle fatigue[1][2].
Brompheniramine ((±)-Brompheniramine) is a potent and orally active antihistamine of the alkylamine class. Brompheniramine is a selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist with a Kd of 6.06 nM. Brompheniramine can block the hERG channels, calcium channels, and sodium channels with IC50s of 0.90 μM, 16.12 μM and 21.26 μM, respectively. Brompheniramine has anticholinergic, antidepressant and anesthetic properties and can be used for allergic rhinitis research[1][2][3][4].
F992 is an antidiuretic peptide and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) analogue[1].
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide. Calcitonin gene-related peptide can be used for the research of nociception, ingestive behaviour and modulation of the endocrine systems[1].
Threo-dihydrobupropion is a major metabolite of Bupropion, formed via oxidation and reduction exhibit pharmacological activity. Bupropion, a dual dopamine-norepinephrine uptake inhibitor and a nicotine receptor antagonist, is widely used in the management of depression and as a smoking cessation aid[1].
PF-05085727 is a potent, selective and brain penetrant Phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2 nM.
(E)-Crotylbarbital is the isomer of Crotylbarbital. Crotylbarbital is a barbiturate derivative. It has sedative and hypnotic effects, and can be used for the treatment of insomnia.
Chlormethiazole is an potent and orally active GABAA agonist[1]. Chlormethiazole inhibits cytochrome P450 isoforms: CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 in human liver microsomes. Chlormethiazole is an anticonvulsant agent and has the potential for treating convulsive status epilepticus[2].
VU0650786 is a potent and selective CNS penetrant negative allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 3 (mGlu3), with an IC50 of 392 nM. VU0650786 has antidepressant and anxiolytic activity in rodents[1].
CNQX disodium (FG9065 disodium) is a potent and competitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist with IC50s of 0.3 μM and 1.5 μM, respectively. CNQX disodium is a competitive non-NMDA receptor antagonist[1]. CNQX disodium blocks the expression of fear-potentiated startle in rats[5].
IXA4 is a highly selective, non-toxic IRE1/XBP1s activator. IXA4 activates IRE1/XBP1s signaling without globally activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) or other stress-responsive signaling pathways (e.g., the heat shock response or oxidative stress response). IXA4 reduces secretion of APP through IRE1 activation[1].
(S)-SBFI-26 is the (S) enantiomer of SBFI-26, an anti-nociceptive agent binds to anandamide transporters FABP5 and FABP7. (S)-SBFI-26 has anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects[1].
Firazorexton hydrate (TAK-994) is a potent, brain-penetrant, and orally active orexin type 2 receptor (OX2R) agonist (EC50: 19 nM). Firazorexton hydrate inhibits fragmentation of wakefulness and cataplexy-like episodes in mouse models of narcolepsy[1].
LOE 908 hydrochloride is a non-selective cation channel (NSCC) inhibitor[1].
Rotigotine is a full agonist of dopamine receptor, a partial agonist of the 5-HT1A receptor, and an antagonist of the α2B-adrenergic receptor, with Kis of 0.71 nM, 4-15 nM, and 83 nM for the dopamine D3 receptor and D2, D5, D4 receptors, and dopamine D1 receptor.
Sulindac sulfide is a noncompetitive γ-secretase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 20.2 μM for γ42-secretase activity.
Bacopaside I, a saponin isolated from Bacopa monniera, exbibits antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging capacity and exerts antidepressant-like effect[1].
NNC63-0532 is a novel non-peptide nociceptin receptor (ORL1) agonist, with EC50s of 305?nM. NNC63-0532 plays important roles in many disorders such as pain, drug addiction[1].
LRRK2-IN-10 (compound 34) is a potent, mutation-selective, and brain penetrant G2019S-LRRK2 kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 11 nM and 5.2 nM for G2019S-LRRK2 pS935 and G2019S-LRRK2 pS1292, respectively. LRRK2-IN-10 has the potential for Parkinson's disease research[1].
Entacapone is a specific, potent, peripherally acting catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor with IC50 of 151 nM for PD treatment. IC50 Value: 151 nMTarget: COMTin vitro: Entacapone inhibits catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT) with similar IC50 in different tissues including live, duodenum, kidney and lung, but entacapone is more active than tolcapone in those tissues. Entacapone (< 100 μM) is a potent inhibitor of α-syn and β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomerization and fibrillogenesis, and also protects against extracellular toxicity induced by the aggregation of both proteins in PC12 cells.in vivo: Levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone has been shown to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of levodopa and provide superior symptomatic control compared with conventional levodopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor therapy. We report four case histories describing clinical experience of using levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone 200/50/200 mg, one of the latest doses of this formulation, in a range of patients with Parkinson's disease. These cases illustrate that levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone 200/50/200 mg provides improvements in symptomatic control.Clinical trial: The combination product carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone (CLE) was approved in 2003 for the treatment of PD patients.
2B-(SP) is a eIF2B-based substrate for glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). 2B-(SP) is readily phosphorylated by both the α and β isoforms of GSK-3[1].
BChE/HDAC6-IN-1 is a potent and selective dual BChE/HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 values of 4 and 8.9 nM, respectively. BChE/HDAC6-IN-1 ameliorates the cognitive impairment in an Aβ1–42-induced mouse model and has the potental for AD research[1].
Tracazolate hydrochloride (ICI 136753 hydrochloride) is a potent GABAA receptor modulator. Tracazolate hydrochloride potentiates α1β1γ2s (EC50=13.2 μM) and α1β3γ2 (EC50=1.5 μM) in a concentration-dependent manner. Tracazolate hydrochloride has the potency (EC50) is determined by the nature of the third subunit (γ1-3, δ, ε) within the receptor complex. Tracazolate hydrochloride possesses anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity[1][2].
Diphenidol hydrochloride is a muscarinic antagonist employed as an antiemetic and as an antivertigo agent.