G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) perceive many extracellular signals and transduce them to heterotrimeric G proteins, which further transduce these signals intracellular to appropriate downstream effectors and thereby play an important role in various signaling pathways. G proteins are specialized proteins with the ability to bind the nucleotides guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and guanosine diphosphate (GDP). In unstimulated cells, the state of G alpha is defined by its interaction with GDP, G beta-gamma, and a GPCR. Upon receptor stimulation by a ligand, G alpha dissociates from the receptor and G beta-gamma, and GTP is exchanged for the bound GDP, which leads to G alpha activation. G alpha then goes on to activate other molecules in the cell. These effects include activating the MAPK and PI3K pathways, as well as inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger in the plasma membrane, and the lowering of intracellular Ca2+ levels.

Most human GPCRs can be grouped into five main families named; Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled/Taste2, and Secretin, forming the GRAFS classification system.

A series of studies showed that aberrant GPCR Signaling including those for GPCR-PCa, PSGR2, CaSR, GPR30, and GPR39 are associated with tumorigenesis or metastasis, thus interfering with these receptors and their downstream targets might provide an opportunity for the development of new strategies for cancer diagnosis, prevention and treatment. At present, modulators of GPCRs form a key area for the pharmaceutical industry, representing approximately 27% of all FDA-approved drugs.

References:
[1] Moreira IS. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Jan;1840(1):16-33.
[2] Tuteja N. Plant Signal Behav. 2009 Oct;4(10):942-7.
[3] Williams C, et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;552:39-50.
[4] Schiöth HB, et al. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2005 May 15;142(1-2):94-101.
[5] Wu J, et al. Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 2012 Jan;9(1):37-50.


Anti-infection >
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Antibody-drug Conjugate >
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Eletriptan-d5

Eletriptan-d5 is the deuterium labeled Eletriptan[1]. Eletriptan (UK-116044) is a highly selective and orally active serotonin 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptor agonist, with pKi values of 8.0 and 8.9, respectively. Eletriptan has inhibitory effects on markers of neurogenic inflammation in rats. Eletriptan can be used for researching migraine[2].

  • CAS Number: 1126745-65-0
  • MF: C22H21D5N2O2S
  • MW: 387.55000
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ozanimod hydrochloride

Ozanimod (hydrochloride) (RPC-1063), a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator that binds with high affinity selectively to S1P receptor subtypes 1 (S1P1) and 5 (S1P5). Ozanimod (hydrochloride) (RPC-1063) has modulate effect for hS1P1 and hS1P5 receptor with EC50s of 1.03 nM and 8.6 nM, respectively. Ozanimod (hydrochloride) (RPC-1063) can be used for the research of relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) [1].

  • CAS Number: 1618636-37-5
  • MF: C23H25ClN4O3
  • MW: 440.923
  • Catalog: LPL Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GNTI dihydrochloride

5'-Guanidinonaltrindole (5'-GNTI) hydrochloride is a highly selective and potent κ-opioid receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.18 nM for human κ-opioid receptor[1].

  • CAS Number: 351183-88-5
  • MF: C27H30Cl2N4O3
  • MW: 529.458
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Baohuoside I

Baohuoside I, a flavonoid isolated from Epimedium koreanum Nakai, acts as an inhibitor of CXCR4, downregulates CXCR4 expression, induces apoptosis and shows anti-tumor activity.

  • CAS Number: 113558-15-9
  • MF: C27H30O10
  • MW: 514.521
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 759.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 253.9±26.4 °C

DCG IV

DCG-IV is a potent agonist of group II mGluRs with EC50s of 0.35 and 0.09 μM for mGlu2R and mGlu3R, reapectively. DCG-IV is also a competitive antagonist at group I (IC50: mGlu1R/5R=389/630 μM) and III receptors (IC50: mGlu4R/6R/7R/8R= 22.5/39.6/40.1/32 μM). DCG-IV has anticonvulsive and neuroprotective effects[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 147782-19-2
  • MF: C7H9NO6
  • MW: 203.14900
  • Catalog: mGluR
  • Density: 1.819 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 503.9ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 258.5ºC

CB1/2 agonist 3

CB1/2 agonist 3 (compound 52), a potent non-selective cannabinoid ligand, is a CB1/CB2 (cannabinoid receptor) competitive agonist. CB1/2 agonist 3 acts on hCB1 and hCB2 with Ki values of 5.9 nM and 3.5 nM, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 2772655-86-2
  • MF: C25H41NO2
  • MW: 387.60
  • Catalog: Cannabinoid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

KB-5492 free base

KB-5492 free base is a potent and selective inhibitor of sigma receptor, inhibits specific [3H]1,3-di(2-tolyl)guanidine (DTG) binding to the sigma receptor with an IC50 of 3.15 μM. KB-5492 free base is an anti-ulcer agent[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 113594-64-2
  • MF: C23H30N2O6
  • MW: 430.49
  • Catalog: Sigma Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

VU6001376

VU6001376 is a potent and selective positive allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4 PAM) with an EC50 of 50.1 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 1968546-34-0
  • MF: C18H14F2N6OS
  • MW: 400.41
  • Catalog: mGluR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ro 363 hydrochloride

Ro 363 hydrochloride, an effective inotropic stimulant, is a potent and highly selective β1-adrenoceptor agonist. Ro 363 hydrochloride is a cardiovascular modulator that reduces diastolic blood pressure and pronounces increases in myocardial contractility[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 250580-70-2
  • MF: C19H26ClNO6
  • MW: 399.87
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lurasidone-d8

Lurasidone-d8 is deuterium labeled Lurasidone. Lurasidone (SM-13496) is an antagonist of both dopamine D2 and 5-HT7 with IC50s of 1.68 and 0.495 nM, respectively. Lurasidone (SM-13496) is also a partial agonist of 5-HT1A receptor with an IC50 of 6.75 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1132654-54-6
  • MF: C28H28D8N4O2S
  • MW: 500.73
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 623.4±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 259-261°C (dec.)
  • Flash Point: 330.8±31.5 °C

Polyphemusin II-Derived Peptide

Polyphemusin II-Derived Peptide (T140), a CXCR4 inhibitor, shows high inhibitory activity against HIV-1 entry and the inhibitory effect on the binding of an anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibody (12G5) to CXCR4[1].

  • CAS Number: 229030-20-0
  • MF: C90H141N33O18S2
  • MW:
  • Catalog: CXCR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Enuvaptan

Enuvaptan is a vasopressin receptor antagonist and has the potential for research into renal and cardiovascular diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 2145062-48-0
  • MF: C21H15ClF6N8O3
  • MW: 576.84
  • Catalog: Vasopressin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Navafenterol

Navafenterol (AZD-8871) is an inhaled dual-acting, potent, selective, and long-lasting M3-antagonist/β2-agonist (MABA) with long-lasting effects and favorable safety profile. The pIC50 is 9.5 for human M3 receptor, and the pEC50 is 9.5 for β2-adrenoceptor. Navafenterol can be used for the research of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bronchoprotective and antisialagogue effects. Favorable cardiovascular profile[1].

  • CAS Number: 1435519-06-4
  • MF: C38H42N6O6S2
  • MW: 742.91
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Dicarbine

Dicarbine blocks dopamine receptors in various brain parts and prevents the depression of the conditioned defence reflexes caused by stimulation of the mesencephalic portion of the reticular formation. Dicarbine could be used to treat patients with schizophrenia and alcoholic psychosis in clinical[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 17411-19-7
  • MF: C13H18N2
  • MW: 202.30
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.043g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 305.7ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 128.8ºC

Brimonidine-D4 D-Tartrate

Brimonidine-d4 (UK 14304-d4) D-tartrate is the deuterium labeled Brimonidine D-tartrate[1].

  • CAS Number: 1316758-27-6
  • MF: C15H16BrN5O6
  • MW: 442.22144
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 203-2050C
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-arachidonoylglycerol

2-Arachidonoylglycerol is a second endogenous cannabinoid ligand in the central nervous system.

  • CAS Number: 53847-30-6
  • MF: C23H38O4
  • MW: 378.545
  • Catalog: Cannabinoid Receptor
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 508.6±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 163.0±23.6 °C

LY-487379 hydrochloride

LY487379 hydrochloride is a selective human mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator (PAM). LY487379 hydrochloride potentiates glutamate-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding with EC50 values of 1.7 μM and >10 μM for mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors respectively. LY487379 hydrochloride promotes cognitive flexibility and facilitates behavioral inhibition in a rat model. LY487379 hydrochloride can be used for schizophrenia research[2].

  • CAS Number: 353229-59-1
  • MF: C21H20ClF3N2O4S
  • MW: 488.90800
  • Catalog: mGluR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Plerixafor (AMD3100)

Plerixafor is a selective CXCR4 antagonist with an IC50 of 44 nM.

  • CAS Number: 110078-46-1
  • MF: C28H54N8
  • MW: 502.782
  • Catalog: CXCR
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 657.5±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 122-125°C
  • Flash Point: 361.8±26.2 °C

Aripiprazole

Aripiprazole(Abilify) is a human 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist with a Ki of 4.2 nM. IC50 Value: 4.2 nM(Ki)Target: 5-HT ReceptorAripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic medication used for the treatment of schizophrenia. It has also recently received FDA approval for the treatment of acute manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder. Aripiprazole appears to mediate its antipsychotic effects primarily by partial agonism at the D2 receptor. In addition to partial agonist activity at the D2 receptor, aripiprazole is also a partial agonist at the 5-HT1A receptor, and like the other atypical antipsychotics, aripiprazole displays an antagonist profile at the 5-HT2A receptor. Aripiprazole has moderate affinity for histamine and alpha adrenergic receptors, and no appreciable affinity for cholinergic muscarinic receptors.

  • CAS Number: 129722-12-9
  • MF: C23H27Cl2N3O2
  • MW: 448.385
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 646.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 139°C
  • Flash Point: 344.6±31.5 °C

Thiochrome

Thiochrome, a natural oxidation product and metabolite of thiamine, is a selective M4 muscarinic receptor of acetylcholine (ACh) affinity enhancer. Thiochrome has neutral cooperativity with ACh at M1 to M3 receptors[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 92-35-3
  • MF: C12H14N4OS
  • MW: 262.33100
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: 1.49g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 462.6ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 228.8°C
  • Flash Point: 233.5ºC

Seliforant

Seliforant (SENS-111, SENS111) is a novel potent, selective histamine H4 receptor antagonist.

  • CAS Number: 1164115-89-2
  • MF: C12H21N5
  • MW: 235.329
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 412.9±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 203.5±28.7 °C

SSTR5 antagonist 2

SSTR5 antagonist 2 (compound 10) is a highly potent, oral active and selective somatostatin (receptor) subtype 5 (SSTR5) antagonist and has potential to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)[1].

  • CAS Number: 1254730-81-8
  • MF: C32H35FN2O5
  • MW: 546.63
  • Catalog: Somatostatin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

VU0155094

VU0155094 is a potent, selective pan-Group III mGlu positive allosteric modulator with IC50 of 3.43/1.5/0.93 uM for mGlu8/7/4, respectively; displays >30-fold selectivity over groups I and II mGlus (mGlu1/2/3/5/6).

  • CAS Number: 731006-86-3
  • MF: C24H24N2O4S
  • MW: 436.523
  • Catalog: mGluR
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 667.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 357.2±31.5 °C

Betamethasone-d5-1

Betamethasone-d5-1 is deuterium labeled Betamethasone. Betamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities. Betamethasone accelerates fetal lung maturation and induces gene expression and apoptosis[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 2244574-92-1
  • MF: C22H24D5FO5
  • MW: 397.49
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

oxybutynin

Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic medication used to relieve urinary and bladder difficulties.Target: mAChROxybutynin is an anticholinergic medication used to relieve urinary and bladder difficulties, including frequent urination and inability to control urination (urge incontinence), by decreasing muscle spasms of the bladder. Oxybutynin competitively antagonizes the M1, M2, and M3 subtypes of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. It also has direct spasmolytic effects on bladder smooth muscle as a calcium antagonist and local anesthetic, but at concentrations far above those used clinically. Oxybutynin is available orally in generic formulation or as the brand-names Ditropan, Lyrinel XL, or Ditrospam, as a transdermal patch under the brand name Oxytrol, and as a topical gel under the brand name Gelnique. Oxybutynin is also a possible treatment of hyperhidrosis (hyper-active sweating) [1-3].

  • CAS Number: 5633-20-5
  • MF: C22H31NO3
  • MW: 357.486
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 494.4±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 125 - 130ºC
  • Flash Point: 252.8±28.7 °C

Rimonabant-d10

Rimonabant-d10 is deuterium labeled Rimonabant. Rimonabant (SR141716) is a highly potent, brain penetrated and selective central cannabinoid receptor (CB1) antagonist with a Ki of 1.8 nM. Rimonabant (SR141716) also inhibits Mycobacterial membrane protein Large 3 (MMPL3).

  • CAS Number: 929221-88-5
  • MF: C22H11D10Cl3N4O
  • MW: 473.85
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cinacalcet

Cinacalcet is an orally active, allosteric agonist of Ca receptor (CaR), used for cardiovascular disease treatment.

  • CAS Number: 226256-56-0
  • MF: C22H22F3N
  • MW: 357.412
  • Catalog: CaSR
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 440.9±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 220.5±28.7 °C

AM1241

AM1241 is a potent, typical[2] and selective CB2 receptor agonist, with a Ki of 3.4 nM in a mouse spleen, and the Ki for CB1 receptor in rat brain is 280 nM, 82-fold selectivity for the CB2 receptor in rodent tissue[1]. AM1241 relieves migraine, stroke, and neuropathic pain,also has a potent effect on Parkinson's disease[2]. AM1241 prevents oxidative damage and activates STAT3 through the phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2[3].

  • CAS Number: 444912-48-5
  • MF: C22H22IN3O3
  • MW: 503.33
  • Catalog: Cannabinoid Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 630.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 335.2±31.5 °C

Almorexant HCI

Almorexant Hcl (ACT078573) is a potent and competitive dual orexin 1 receptor (OX1)/orexin 2 receptor (OX2) antagonist with Ki values of 1.3 and 0.17 nM for OX1 and OX2, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 913358-93-7
  • MF: C29H32ClF3N2O3
  • MW: 549.024
  • Catalog: Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

VA-K-14 hydrochloride

VA-K-14 hydrochloride is a specific thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) antagonist (IC50= 12.3 μM)[1].

  • CAS Number: 1171341-19-7
  • MF: C18H16ClN3S
  • MW: 305.397
  • Catalog: TSH Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 510.1±52.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 262.3±30.7 °C