BMS-582949 hydrochloride is a novel highly selective p38α MAPK inhibitor, inhibits p38α with IC50 of 13 nM. IC50 value: 13 nM[1]Target: p38αin vitro: BMS-582949 does not significantly inhibit cytochrome P450 isozymes 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, and 2D6 with IC50values >40 μM. It is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4, with an IC50 value ranging from 18 to 40 μM based in multiple tests. BMS-582949 displays >2000-fold selectivity for p38α over a diverse panel of 57 kinases that include serine kinases, nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases, and the p38γ and δ isoforms. BMS-582949 is also 450-fold selective over Jnk2, a MAP kinase involved in inflammation, and 190-fold selective over Raf[1].BMS-582949 is a novel highly selective p38α MAPK inhibitor [2]. in vivo: The mouse clearance rate for BMS-582949 is 4.4 mL/min/kg. And, at an oral dose of 10 mg/kg, the mouse AUC0?8 h for BMS-582949 is 75.5 μM·h. BMS-582949 exhibited oral bioavailability values of 90% and 60% in mice and rats, respectively[1].
L-threo-Sphingosine is a potent MAPK inhibitor. L-threo-Sphingosine induces apoptosis and clear DNA fragmentation. L-threo-Sphingosine shows anticancer effect[1].
Esculin sesquihydrate, a fluorescent coumarin glucoside, is an active ingredient of ash bark. Esculin sesquihydrate ameliorates cognitive impairment in experimental diabetic nephropathy (DN), and exerts anti?oxidative stress and anti?inflammatory effects, via the MAPK signaling pathway[1][2].
SB 239063 is a potent and selective p38 MAPK inhibitor (IC50 = 44 nM for p38α). SB 239063 displays > 220-fold selectivity over ERK, JNK1 and other kinases; ~ 3-fold more selective than SB 203580. IC50 value: 44 nM ( p38α)Target: p38 MAPKSB 239063 reduces inflammatory cytokine production and is neuroprotective following oral administration in vivo.
p38 MAPK-IN-4 (compound 6) is a p38 MAPK inhibitor with an 50 of 35 nM[1].
SB 203580 is a widely used p38 MAPK inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.3-0.5 μM. It shows more than 100-fold selectivity over PKB, LCK, and GSK-3β.
Skepinone-L is a selective p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor. IC50 value:Target: p38MAPKskepinone-L, the first ATP-competitive p38 MAPK inhibitor with excellent in vivo efficacy and selectivity. Therefore, skepinone-L is a valuable probe for chem. biol. research, and it may foster the development of a unique class of kinase inhibitors.
Gypenoside L is a saponin that can be found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Gypenoside L increases the SA-β-galactosidase activity, promotes the production of senescence-associated secretory cytokines. Gypenoside L also can activate p38 and ERK MAPK pathways and NF-κB pathway to induce senescence. Gypenoside L exhibits anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].
Licochalcone E, a flavonoid compound isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflate, inhibits NF-κB and AP-1 transcriptional activity through the inhibition of AKT and MAPK activation[1].
Cudraflavone B is a prenylated flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Cudraflavone B is also a dual inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2. Cudraflavone B blocks the translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in macrophages. Thus, Cudraflavone B inhibits tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) gene expression and secretion. Cudraflavone B also triggers the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, activates NF-κB, the MAPK p38, and ERK, and induced the expression of SIRT1. Thus Cudraflavone B inhibits the growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells[1][2].
R1487 (Hydrochloride) is highly potent and highly selective inhibitors of p38α.target: p38α;R1487 (Hydrochloride) potently inhibits cytokine production in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models.[1]R1487 (Hydrochloride) inhibits production of TNFR by human monocytic cells (THP-1) and inhibits production of IL-1β in human whole blood (HWB) induced by LPS.[1]
Isoliquiritin apioside, a component isolated from Glycyrrhizae radix rhizome, significantly decreases PMA-induced increases in MMP9 activities and suppresses PMA-induced activation of MAPK and NF-κB. Isoliquiritin apioside auppresseses invasiveness and angiogenesis of cancer cells and endothelial cells[1].
JNJ-49095397 (RV-568) is a specific narrow-spectrum kinase inhibitor that inhibits a selected set of kinases involved in COPD inflammation with IC50 of 5, 40 and 52 nM for p38α, p38γ and HCK, respectively; shows potent anti-inflammatory effects in monocytes and macrophages, demonstrates synergistic interaction in poly I:C-stimulated BEAS-2B cells and in the cigarette smoke model combined with corticosteroid. COPD Phase 2 Clinical
ASK1-IN-1 is a CNS-penetrant ASK1 (apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1) inhibitor, with good potency (cell IC50=138 nM; Biochemical IC50=21 nM)[1].
SR-3737 is potent both JNK3 and p38 inhibitor.
MPAK13-IN-1 is a MAPK13 (p38δ) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 620 nM.
MKK7-COV-9 is a potent and selective covalent inhibitor of MKK7 and targets a specific protein–protein interaction of MKK7. MKK7-COV-9 blocks primary B cell activation in response to LPS with an EC50 of 4.98 μM[1].
3′-O-Demethyl-4′-N-demethyl-4′-N-acetyl-4′-epi-staurosporine (Compound 7) is an inhibitor of protein kinases, with IC50s of 0.092, 0.26, 0.77 μM for PKC-α, ROCK, ASK1. 3′-O-Demethyl-4′-N-demethyl-4′-N-acetyl-4′-epi-staurosporine shows potent cytotoxicity against PC-3 cancer cells with an IC50 value of 0.16 μM[1].
Cycloartenol, a phytosterol compound, is one of the key precusor substances for biosynthesis of numerous sterol compounds. Cycloartenol inhibits the migration of glioma cells and suppresses the phosphorylation of the p38 MAP kinase. Cycloartenol has a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, antibiosis and anti-alzheimer's disease. Cycloartenol also plays an important role in the process of plant growth and development[1][2].
LL-Z1640-4 is a potent p38/JNK signaling inhibitor. LL-Z1640-4 significantly diminishes p38 and JNK activation in HCC cells transfected with MLK4 siRNA. LL-Z1640-4 markedly attenuates ROS production induced by MLK4 knockdown. LL-Z1640-4 significantly reduces the apoptotic cells in HCC cells transfected with siMLK4[1][2].
OVA-E1 peptide, is an antagonist variant of SIINFEKL [OVA (257-264). OVA-E1 peptide, activates the p38 and JNK cascades similarly in mutant and wild-type thymocytes[1].
PF-05381941 (PF 05381941, PF05381941) is a potent, dual TAK1/p38a inhibitor with IC50 of 156/186 nM respectively, with good kinome selectivity against 50 representative kinases; inhibits LPS-stimulated release of TNF-α from human peripheral mononuclear cells with IC50 of 8 nM.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) can activate the downstream p38/NF-κB pathway. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 can regulate cellular processes in various sepsis-associated diseases. MAPK-catalyzed phosphorylation of substrate proteins functions as a switch to turn on or off the activity of the substrate protein[1].
Dihydrocaffeic acid is a phenolic acid found in Gynura bicolor, reduces phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and prevent UVB-induced skin damage. Antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory activity[1].
p38 Kinase inhibitor 5 (AA6) is a potent p38 kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 403.57 nM. p38 Kinase inhibitor 5 has anti-inflammatory activity[1].
4-Hydroxylonchocarpin is a chalcone compound from an extract of Psoralea corylifolia. 4-Hydroxylonchocarpin increases phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK. 4-Hydroxylonchocarpin has diverse pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antireverse transcriptase, antitubercular, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities[1].
BSJ-04-122 is a potent, selective, covalent dual MKK4/7 inhibitor with IC50 of 4/181 nM, displays excellent kinome selectivity;BSJ-04-122 covalently targets a conserved cysteine (Cys247 for MKK4, and Cys261 for MKK7) located before the DFG motif.SJ-04-122 exhibits potent cellular target engagement and induces robust target-specific downstream effects.In breast cancer cell lines, BSJ-04-122 potently inhibited JNK phosphorylation, BSJ-04-122 significantly decreased levels of T183/Y185 pJNK at 5 uM, resulting in complete inhibition at 10 uM in MDA-MB-231 cells.The combination of the dual MKK4/7 inhibitor BSJ-04-122 with a selective, covalent JNK inhibitor (JNK-IN-8) demonstrated an enhanced antiproliferative activity against triple-negative breast cancer cells.
VX-702 is a highly selective inhibitor of p38α MAPK(IC50=4 -20 nM), 14-fold higher potency against the p38α versus p38β.IC50 value: 4-20 nM [1]Target: p38α MAPKin vitro: Pre-incubation of platelets with VX-702 (1 μM) completely or partially inhibits p38 activation (IC50 4 to 20 nM) induced by platelet agonists including thrombin, SFLLRN, AYPGKF, U46619 and collagen. VX-702 shows no effect on platelet aggregation induced by any of the p38 MAPK agonists in the presence or absence of anti-platelet therapies [1]. VX-702 inhibits the production of IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα (IC50 = 59, 122 and 99 ng/mL, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner [2]. in vivo: The half-life of VX-702 is 16 to 20 hours, with a median clearance of 3.75 L/h and a volume of distribution of 73 L/kg. Both AUC and Cmax values are dose proportional for VX-702, which is predominantly cleared renally [2]. VX-702 (at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg twice daily) has an equivalent effect as that of methotrexate (0.1 mg/kg). In addition, VX-702 (5 mg/kg twice daily) also has an equivalent effect as prednisolone (10 mg/kg once daily), as measured by percentage inhibition of wrist joint erosion and inflammation score [3].
Dehydromiltirone (1,2-Didehydromiltirone) is a diterpenoid quinone with an anti-inflammatory effect. Dehydromiltirone prevents liver injury by modifying the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, reducing neuroinflammatory responses, and inhibiting platelet aggregation. Dehydromiltirone can be used for osteoporosis research[1][2].
Emprumapimod is a potent, orally bioavailable and selective inhibitor of p38α MAPK directly inhibits LPS-induced IL-6 production from RPMI-8226 cell (IC50=100 pM). Emprumapimod can be used for the research of dilated cardiomyopathy and acute inflammatory pain[1][2].