Metabolic pathways are enzyme-mediated biochemical reactions that lead to biosynthesis (anabolism) or breakdown (catabolism) of natural product small molecules within a cell or tissue. In each pathway, enzymes catalyze the conversion of substrates into structurally similar products. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. Metabolism maintains the living state of the cells and the organism.

Proteases are used throughout an organism for various metabolic processes. Proteases control a great variety of physiological processes that are critical for life, including the immune response, cell cycle, cell death, wound healing, food digestion, and protein and organelle recycling. On the basis of the type of the key amino acid in the active site of the protease and the mechanism of peptide bond cleavage, proteases can be classified into six groups: cysteine, serine, threonine, glutamic acid, aspartate proteases, as well as matrix metalloproteases. Proteases can not only activate proteins such as cytokines, or inactivate them such as numerous repair proteins during apoptosis, but also expose cryptic sites, such as occurs with β-secretase during amyloid precursor protein processing, shed various transmembrane proteins such as occurs with metalloproteases and cysteine proteases, or convert receptor agonists into antagonists and vice versa such as chemokine conversions carried out by metalloproteases, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and some cathepsins. In addition to the catalytic domains, a great number of proteases contain numerous additional domains or modules that substantially increase the complexity of their functions.

Imbalances in metabolic activities have been found to be critical in a number of pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

References:
[1] Turk B, et al. EMBO J. 2012 Apr 4;31(7):1630-43.
[2] Eatemadi A, et al. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Feb;86:221-231.


Anti-infection >
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Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
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NF-κB >
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Cbl-b-IN-8

Cbl-b-IN-8 (Compound 293) is a casitas B-lineage lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) and c-Cbl inhibitor with IC50s of 5.5 nM and 7.8 nM, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 2815223-33-5
  • MF: C35H44F3N7O3
  • MW: 667.76
  • Catalog: E1/E2/E3 Enzyme
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HIV-1 protease-IN-5

HIV-1 protease-IN-5 (Compound 13c) is a HIV-1 protease inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.64 nM. HIV-1 protease-IN-5 shows remarkable activity against wild-type and DRV-resistant HIV-1 variants[1].

  • CAS Number: 2525173-96-8
  • MF: C27H29F3N2O7S
  • MW: 582.59
  • Catalog: HIV Protease
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CC 0651

CC0651 is an allosteric inhibitor of the human Cdc34 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. CC0651 potently (IC50=1.72 μM) inhibits the ubiquitination of p27Kip1, as confirmed by dose-response analysis.

  • CAS Number: 1319207-44-7
  • MF: C20H21Cl2NO6
  • MW: 442.29000
  • Catalog: E1/E2/E3 Enzyme
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RO5461111

RO5461111 a highly specific and orally active antagonist of Cathepsin S with IC50s of 0.4 nM (human Cathepsin S) and 0.5 nM (murine Cathepsin S), respectively. RO5461111 can effectively inhibit the activation of antigen-specific T cells and B cells. RO5461111 can improve pulmonary inflammation and lupus nephritis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1252637-46-9
  • MF: C27H24F6N4O4S
  • MW: 614.56
  • Catalog: Cathepsin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SBI-425

SBI-425 is a potent, selective and oral bioavailable tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) inhibitor[1]. Long-term administration of SBI-425 effectively reaches and inhibits TNAP in the vasculature, improving cardiovascular parameters and survival at a dose that does not cause a detectable change in bone[2].

  • CAS Number: 1451272-71-1
  • MF: C13H12ClN3O4S
  • MW: 341.77
  • Catalog: Phosphatase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Aurantiamide benzoate

Aurantiamide benzoate is a nature product that could be isolated from two tropical medicinal plants, Cunila spicata and Hyptis fasciculata. Aurantiamide benzoate is a potent xanthine oxidase inhiobitor with an IC50 value of 70 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 150881-02-0
  • MF: C32H30N2O4
  • MW: 506.592
  • Catalog: Xanthine Oxidase
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 777.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 424.0±32.9 °C

SBI-797812

SBI-797812 is structurally similar to active-site directed NAMPT inhibitors and blocks binding of these inhibitors to NAMPT with EC50 of 0.37 μM. SBI-797812 shifts the NAMPT reaction equilibrium towards NMN formation, increases NAMPT affinity for ATP, stabilizes phosphorylated NAMPT at His247, promotes consumption of the pyrophosphate by-product, and blunts feedback inhibition by NAD+. Treatment of cultured cells with SBI-797812 increases intracellular NMN and NAD+. Dosing of mice with SBI-797812 elevates liver NAD+[1].

  • CAS Number: 2237268-08-3
  • MF: C19H22N4O4S
  • MW: 402.47
  • Catalog: Nampt
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Razaxaban hydrochloride

Razaxaban hydrochloride (BMS 561389 hydrochloride) is a highly potent, selective and orally active factor Xa inhibitor with a Ki of 0.19 nM. Razaxaban hydrochloride exhibits excellent selectivity (>5000-fold) for factor Xa over other related serine proteases. Razaxaban hydrochloride is also a potent thrombin inhibitor with a Ki of 540 nM. Razaxaban hydrochloride has strongly antithrombotic activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 405940-76-3
  • MF: C24H21ClF4N8O2
  • MW: 564.92300
  • Catalog: Factor Xa
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 654.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 349.8ºC

Mulberroside F

Mulberroside F is one of the main bioactive constituents in mulberry (Morus alba L.)[1]. Mulberroside F shows inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity and on the melanin formation. Mulberroside F also exhibits superoxide scavenging activity that is involved in the protection against auto-oxidation[2].

  • CAS Number: 193483-95-3
  • MF: C26H30O14
  • MW: 566.508
  • Catalog: Tyrosinase
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 920.5±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 510.5±34.3 °C

HCV-IN-4

HCV-IN-4 is a potent and orally active HCV NS5A inhibitor, shows great potency against GT1a, GT2b, GT3a, GT1a Y93H and GT1a L31V, with EC90s of 3 pM, 0.3 nM, 0.01 nM, 0.5 nM and 0.02 nM, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 2058080-25-2
  • MF: C52H58FN9O8
  • MW: 956.07
  • Catalog: HCV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Z-Leu-Leu-Nle-aldehyde

Z-LLNle-CHO (Z-Leu-Leu-Nle-CHO) is a γ-secretase inhibitor I. Z-LLNle-CHO induces caspase and ROS-dependent apoptosis by blocking the Akt-mediated pro-survival pathway. Z-LLNle-CHO can be used in cancer research, such as breast cancer and leukaemia[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 133407-83-7
  • MF: C26H41N3O5
  • MW: 475.62100
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Vonafexor(PLX007,EYP-001)

Vonafexor (EYP001) is a selective FXR agonist with anti-HBV effects[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1192171-69-9
  • MF: C19H15Cl3N2O5S
  • MW: 489.76
  • Catalog: HBV
  • Density: 1.604±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • Boiling Point: 680.5±65.0 °C(Predicted)
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Glycolic acid

Glycolic Acid is an inhibitor of tyrosinase, suppressing melanin formation and lead to a lightening of skin colour.

  • CAS Number: 79-14-1
  • MF: C2H4O3
  • MW: 76.051
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 265.6±13.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 75-80 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 128.7±16.3 °C

SZL P1-41

SZL P1-41 is Skp2 inhibitor, selectively suppresses Skp2 E3 ligase activity, but not activity of other SCF complexes.target: Skp2In vitro: SZL P1-41 also phenocopies the effects observed upon genetic Skp2 deficiency, such as suppressing survival, Akt-mediated glycolysis as well as triggering p53-independent cellular senescence. SZL P1-41 prevent Skp2-Skp1 interactions and Skp2 SCF E3 ligase activity. The reference concentration is 5 uM. SZL P1-41 restricts cancer cell survival through triggering p53-independent cellular senescence and inhibiting aerobic glycolysis.In vivo: SZL P1-41 exhibits potent anti-tumor activities in multiple animal models and cooperates with chemotherapeutic agents to reduce cancer cell survival.

  • CAS Number: 222716-34-9
  • MF: C24H24N2O3S
  • MW: 420.524
  • Catalog: E1/E2/E3 Enzyme
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 610.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 322.7±34.3 °C

MIV-247

MIV-247 is a selective cathepsin S inhibitor with Kis of 2.1, 4.2 and 7.5 nM for human, mouse and cynomolgus monkey cathepsin S, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 1352817-76-5
  • MF: C17H24F3N3O4
  • MW: 391.39
  • Catalog: Cathepsin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lepirudin acetate salt

Lepirudin is a potent irreversible thrombin inhibitor. Lepirudin also is a recombinant hirudin. Lepirudin has anticoagulation in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)[1].

  • CAS Number: 138068-37-8
  • MF: C287H446N80O111S6
  • MW: 6979.486
  • Catalog: Thrombin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 65 °C
  • Flash Point: N/A

hCAI/II-IN-6

hCAI/II-IN-6 is a human carbonic anhydrase(CA) inhibitor. hCAI/II-IN-6 selectively inhibits hCA II and hCA VII isoforms with Ki values of 220, 4.9, 6.5 and >50000 nM for hCA I, hCA II , hCA VII and hCA XII respectively. hCAI/II-IN-6 shows anticonvulsant activity and anti maximal electroshock (MES) activity in vivo. hCAI/II-IN-6 can be used for the research of epilepsy[1].

  • CAS Number: 694466-00-7
  • MF: C19H24N4O3S
  • MW: 388.49
  • Catalog: Carbonic Anhydrase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

A 33

PDE4B-IN-2 is an orally active and selective PDE4B inhibitor (IC50=15 nM) and exhibits >100-fold selectivity for PDE4B over 4D. PDE4B-IN-2 regulates cAMP in inflammatory cells and inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α production and neutrophil accumulation in mouse lungs. PDE4B-IN-2 reduces microglial and neutrophil activation, and improves behavioral deficits in a traumatic brain injury model in vivo. PDE4B-IN-2 also exhibits antidepressant-like effects.

  • CAS Number: 915082-52-9
  • MF: C19H18ClN3O2S
  • MW: 387.88
  • Catalog: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LP117

LP117 is a novel and potent inhibitor of 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) product synthesis with an IC50 of 1.1 μM.

  • CAS Number: 1056468-55-3
  • MF: C21H23ClN4O2S
  • MW: 430.95
  • Catalog: 5-Lipoxygenase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CYP4A11/CYP4F2-IN-2

CYP4A11/CYP4F2-IN-2 is a potent and orally active dual inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A11 and CYP4F2, with IC50s of 140 nM and 40 nM, respectively. CYP4A11/CYP4F2-IN-2 has potential for the research of renal diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 2126874-77-7
  • MF: C16H20N4O2
  • MW: 300.36
  • Catalog: Cytochrome P450
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ATX inhibitor 21

ATX inhibitor 21 (compound 8) is a potent ATX (autotaxin) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 3490 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 2691936-89-5
  • MF: C26H25F2N5O2S
  • MW: 509.57
  • Catalog: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

TAO Kinase inhibitor 2

TAO Kinase inhibitor 2 (Example 49) is a TAO Kinase inhibitor (IC50=between 50 and 500 nM). TAO Kinase inhibitor 2 also inhibits KIAA1361 and JIK with IC50s of 50-500 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 850467-77-5
  • MF: C25H24N2O3
  • MW: 400.47
  • Catalog: Ser/Thr Protease
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 665.5±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 356.3±31.5 °C

Cerulenin

Cerulenin, the best known natural inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FAS), is an epoxide produced by the fungus Cephalosporium caeruleus.

  • CAS Number: 17397-89-6
  • MF: C12H17NO3
  • MW: 223.268
  • Catalog: Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS)
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 456.1±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 93.5℃
  • Flash Point: 241.1±25.0 °C

Methotrexate

RS4317 is a topically effective 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 91431-42-4
  • MF: C16H15ClO6
  • MW: 338.74000
  • Catalog: 5-Lipoxygenase
  • Density: 1.309g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 424.9ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 159.3ºC

PDE IV-IN-1

PDE IV-IN-1 is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase IV, used for the research of asthma, COPD or other inflammatory diseases.

  • CAS Number: 225100-12-9
  • MF: C20H23ClN4O2
  • MW: 386.88
  • Catalog: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NG-497

NG-497 is a selective human adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) inhibitor that targets the enzymatically active patatin-like domain of human ATGL. NG-497 has potential value for tumor research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2598242-66-9
  • MF: C18H21NO4
  • MW: 315.36
  • Catalog: ATGL
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NSC232003

NSC232003 is a highly potent and cell-permeable UHRF1 inhibitor, which inhibits DNA methylation in vitro and disrupts DNMT1/UHRF1 interactions at a cellular level.

  • CAS Number: 1905453-18-0
  • MF: C6H7N3O3
  • MW: 169.14
  • Catalog: E1/E2/E3 Enzyme
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Proteasome β2c/i-IN-1

Proteasome β2c/i-IN-1 (compound 37) is a subunit-selective human proteasome β2c and β2i inhibitor[1].

  • CAS Number: 2322333-75-3
  • MF: C32H48N4O7
  • MW: 600.75
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ML228 analog

ML228 analog is an analog of ML228 (HY-12754). ML228 is a potent activator of HIF[1].

  • CAS Number: 1357026-36-8
  • MF: C25H25N5
  • MW: 395.50
  • Catalog: HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BAY-X 1005

Veliflapon (BAY X 1005; DG-031) is an orally active inhibitor of the synthesis of the leukotrienes B4 and C4[1]. Veliflapon is shown to be a selective inhibitor of the formation of 5-lipoxygenase-derived metabolites in vitro, without effects on other routes of arachidonic acid metabolism[2].

  • CAS Number: 128253-31-6
  • MF: C23H23NO3
  • MW: 361.43400
  • Catalog: Leukotriene Receptor
  • Density: 1.242g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 555.4ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 289.7ºC