Etomidate Hcl(R16659 Hcl) is a GABAA receptors agonist, which is a short acting intravenous anaesthetic agent used for the induction of general anaesthesia.Target: GABA ReceptorEtomidate is a potent inhibitor of the adrenal response to surgery. The absence of clinical consequences associated with the blunted response suggests that a major increase in adrenal hormone production may not be necessary during surgery [1]. Etomidate is an intravenous induction agent that is associated with hemodynamic stability during intubation. The agent is therefore attractive for use in critically ill patients who have a high risk of hemodynamic instability during this procedure [2]. Etomidate use was not associated with all cause 28-day mortality or hospital mortality but was associated with significantly higher ICU mortality (91% vs. 64% for etomidate and controls groups, respectively; p = 0.02). Etomidate patients who received subsequent doses of hydrocortisone required lower doses of vasopressors and had more vasopressor-free days but no improvement in mortality [3].Clinical indications: FDA Approved Date: 1983Toxicity: Undesirable side effects of etomidate that may limit its use include pain on injection, myoclonus and adrenocortical suppression lasting 4-6 hours following an induction dose.
Domoic acid ((-)-Domoic acid; L-Domoic acid) is an excitatory neurotransmitter isolated from a form of marine vegetation, Nitzschia pungens[1]. Domoic acid produces neurotoxic effect through activating kainate receptor[2].
Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl is a potent MOR agonist. Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl displays reduced hyperlocomotion, inhibition of GI transit and reinforcing properties[1].
PD 119819 is a highly selective benzopyran-4-one brain dopamine autoreceptor agonist. PD 119819, a heterocyclic piperazine, inhibits spontaneous locomotor activity and brain dopamine synthesis[1][2].
Trimyristin--d15 is the deuterium labeled Trimyristin. Trimyristin, an active molluscicidal component of Myristica fragrans Houtt, significantly inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP/ALP) activities in the nervous tissue of Lymnaea acuminata. IC50s of Trimyristin against AChE, ACP, and ALP are 0.11, 0.16 and 0.18 mM, respectively[1].
VUF10166 is a potent and high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, with Ki values of 0.04 nM (5-HT3A) and 22 nM (5-HT3AB). VUF10166 inhibits 5-HT-induced responses at 5-HT3A and 5-HT3AB receptors at nanomolar concentrations. At 5-HT3 receptor, VUF10166 at higher concentrations also acts as a partial agonist, with an EC50 of 5.2 μM[1].
Endomorphin 2 TFA, a high affinity, highly selective agonist of the μ-opioid receptor, displays reasonable affinities for kappa3 binding sites, with Ki value between 20 and 30 nM[1].
Vinblastine is a cytotoxic alkaloid used against various cancer types. Vinblastine inhibits the formation of microtubule and suppresses nAChR with an IC50 of 8.9 μM.
Clocinnamox (mesylate) is a potent opioid antagonist acting at mu, kappa and delta-receptors. Clocinnamox is a selective mu-receptor antagonist than kappa and delta-receptors[1].
CP-601927 is a selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist (Ki=1.2 nM; EC50=2.6 μM). CP-601927 shows good brain penetration and antidepressant-like properties[1][2].
Chlorprothixene hydrochloride is a dopamine and histamine receptors antagonist with Kis of 18 nM, 2.96 nM, 4.56 nM, 9 nM and 3.75 nM for hD1, hD2, hD3, hD5 and hH1 receptors, respectively. Antipsychotic activity[1].
Ajmalicine (Raubasine) hydrochloride is a potent adrenolytic agent which preferentially blocks α1-adrenoceptor. Ajmalicine hydrochloride is an reversible but non-competitive nicotine receptor full inhibitor, with an IC50 of 72.3 μM. Ajmalicine hydrochloride also can be used as anti-hypertensive, and serpentine, with sedative activity[1][2].
Nantenine is a serotonergic receptor antagonist. Nantenine selectively inhibits the contractile response of tissues to serotonin. Nantenine can be isolated from Nandina domestica[1].
Lanabecestat (AZD3293) is a potent, highly permeable, orally active and blood-brain barrier penetrating BACE1 inhibitor with a Ki of 0.4 nM.
SCH 50911, (+)-(S)-5,5-dimethylmorpholinyl-2-acetic acid, a selective, orally-active and competitive γ-Aminobutyric acid B GABA(B) receptor antagonist, binds to GABA(B) receptor with IC50 of 1.1 μM. SCH 50911 antagonizes GABA(B) autoreceptors, increasing the electrically-stimulated 3H overflow with an IC50 of 3 μM[1].
CGP 54626 (hydrochloride) is a selective antagonist of GABAB receptor with an IC50 value of 4 nM. CGP 54626 (hydrochloride) can be used to investigate the role of GABAB receptors in neurological signaling[1].
Hexafluorenium dibromide (Mylaxen) is a potent cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor with pI50 value of 6.96 and Ki value of 2.4 nM for human plasma cholinesterase (ChE)[1].
AMPA receptor modulator-6 is an AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM). AMPA receptor modulator-6 can be used in the study of neurological diseases[1].
Pancopride is a new potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.
Eptinezumab is a human monoclonal antibody. Eptinezumab binds to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and blocks its binding to the receptor. Eptinezumab can be used for the prevention of migraine in adults[1].
Otaplimastat (SP-8203), a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, blocks N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in a competitive manner. Otaplimastat also exhibits anti-oxidant activity. Otaplimastat can be used for the research of brain ischemic injury[1][2][3].
α-Methylserotonin is a potent and selective agonist of 5-HT2 receptor.α-Methylserotonin is an analogue of serotonin formed in vivo from α-methyltryptophan.α-Methylserotonin mediates the lymphatic smooth muscle contraction and prevents the up-regulation of serotonin-receptor-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis[1][2][3].
M4 mAChR agonist-1 (compound 10a) is a potent M4 mAChR agonist with an EC50 >10 μM for human M4[1].
F13714 fumarate, a selective 5-HT1A receptor biased agonist, shows antidepressant-like properties after a single administration in the mouse model of chronic mild stress[1].
Cytisine is an alkaloid that occurs naturally in several plant genera, such as Laburnum and Cytisus. Cytisine is a partial agonist of α4β2 nAChRs[1], and partial to full agonist at β4 containing receptors and α7 receptors[2]. has been used medically to help with smoking cessation[3].
SB-612111 hydrochloride is a novel and potent human opiate receptor-like orphan receptor (ORL-1) antagonist with a high affinity for hORL-1 (Ki=0.33 nM). SB-612111 hydrochloride exhibits selectivity for μ-, κ- and δ-receptors with Ki values of 57.6 nM, 160.5 nM and 2109 nM, respecticely. SB-612111 hydrochloride effectively antagonizes the pronociceptive action of Nociceptin (HY-P0183) in an acute pain model[1].
A68930, as a dopamine D1 receptor agonist, can be used for the research of bronchiectasis[1].
Iproniazid is a non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class.
DL-Borneol is a racemic mixture of D-Borneol and L-Borneol. DL-Borneol is widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China.
Duloxetine D3 hydrochloride ((S)-Duloxetine D3 hydrochloride) is a deuterium labeled Duloxetine hydrochloride. Duloxetine hydrochloride is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) with a Ki of 4.6 nM, used for treatment of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)[1][2].