β-Alanine-d4 (2-Carboxyethylamine-d4) is the deuterium labeled β-Alanine. β-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that is shown to be metabolized into carnosine, which functions as an intracellular buffer.
[Tyr0] Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (23-42), human, a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), is a weak inhibitor of gastric acid secretion that also stimulates insulin secretion. [Tyr0] Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (23-42), human can be used in diabetes, obesity research[1][2].
Volagidemab is an antagonistic glucagon receptor (GCGR) monoclonal antibody (mAb). Volagidemab can be used in the research of type 1 diabetes (T1D)[1][2].
8-Debenzoylpaeoniflorin, a monoterpene glycoside, is a natural product that could be isolated from the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. 8-Debenzoylpaeoniflorin has antihyperglycemic activity[1].
Osajin is the major bioactive isoflavone present in the fruit of Maclura pomifera with antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Solabegron (GW 427353) is a selective β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, stimulating cAMP accumulation in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the human β3-AR, with an EC50 value of 22 nM[1]. Solabegron (GW 427353) is being developed for the treatment of overactive bladder and irritable bowel syndrome[1].
Octanoic acid is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes.
Taurohyodeoxycholic acid is the tauroconjugated form of Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA, a dihydroxylated natural bile acid). Taurohyodeoxycholic acid induces a biliary phospholipid secretion and suggests a hepatoprotective potential. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid also can promote gallstone dissolution[1][1].
Ilaprazole (IY-81149) is a proton pump inhibitor; inhibits H+/K+-ATPase with an IC50 of 6.0 μM.
Isopedicin potently and concentration-dependently inhibits superoxide anion (O2 U?) production in formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-activated cells. Isopedicin increases cAMP formation and PKA activity in FMLP-activated cells by inhibiting phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity[1].
Fenofibric acid-d6 (FNF acid-d6) is the deuterium labeled Fenofibric acid. Fenofibric acid, an active metabolite of fenofibrate, is a PPAR activitor, with EC50s of 22.4 µM, 1.47 µM, and 1.06 µM for PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively; Fenofibric acid also inhibits COX-2 enzyme activity, with an IC50 of 48 nM.
Mosapride (TAK-370) citrate dehydrate is a gastroprokinetic agent with 5-hydroxytryptamine4 receptor agonist activity and has been widely used in the research of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Mosapride citrate dihydrate potently inhibits Kv4.3 in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 15.2 μM[1]. Mosapride citrate dihydrateselectively stimulates upper GI motility in vivo[2].
Neostigmine Bromide is a cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.Target: CholinesteraseNeostigmine is a parasympathomimetic that acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Neostigmine enhances excitatory parasympathetic activity by competing with acetylcholine for attachment to acetylcholinesterase at sites of cholinergic transmission and enhancing cholinergic action. Neostigmine is a safe and effective treatment for acute colonic pseudo-obstruction [1].
Mogroside VI B, a cucurbitane glucoside, separated from the crude extract of Siraitia grosvenorii. Mogroside VI B shows effect on activating PGC-1α transcription[1].
MPCI is a selective melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist.
Isoengeletin is a flavonoid that can be isolated from the roots of Smilax bockii warb. Isoengeletin can be used as an active compound for the research of psoriasis, hyperuricemia and gout[1].
N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid, a N-acyl-L-amino acid, is a component of animal cell culturing media. N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid is a metabolite of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human[1].
CJ033466 is a novel and selective 5-HT4 receptor partial agonist with an EC50 of 9 nM and has gastroprokinetic effect[1].
Odanacatib (MK-0822) is a potent and selective inhibitor of cathepsin K, with an IC50 of 0.2 nM for human cathepsin K.
Phenyl sulfate is an orally active gut microbiota-derived metabolite. Phenyl sulfate induces albuminuria and podocyte damage in experimental models of diabetes. Phenyl sulfate can be used as a disease marker and future therapeutic target in diabetic kidney disease[1].
Imidapril (TA-6366 free base) is an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and MMP-9 inhibitor. Imidapril suppresses the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and thereby reduces total peripheral resistance and systemic blood pressure. Imidapril can be used for hypertension, type 1 diabetic, nephropathy and chronic heart failure research[1][2].
5-Aminovaleric acid is believed to act as a methylene homologue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and functions as a weak GABA agonist.
Dimethyl L-glutamate (Dimethyl glutamate), a membrane-permeable analog of Glutamate, can stimulate insulin release induced by Glucose. Dimethyl L-glutamate suppresses the KATP channel activities. Dimethyl L-glutamate inhibits E. gracilis growth and causes abnormal cell division. Dimethyl L-glutamate can be used in the research of diabetes, glucose transport, phosphorylation, and further metabolism[1][2][3][4].
Luteolin 7-sulfate is isolated from Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino, a marine plant. Luteolin 7-sulfate attenuates TYR gene expression through the intervention of a cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB)- and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)-mediated signaling pathway, leading to the decreased melanin synthesis[1].
C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human (TFA),a 1-22 fragment of CNP, is a natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) agonist. C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human (TFA) inhibits cAMP synthesis stimulated by the physiological agonists histamine and 5-HT or directly by Forskolin. CNP is a potent, endothelial-derived relaxant and growthinhibitory factor[1][2][3].
Tiludronate (Tiludronic Acid) disodium hemihydrate, an orally active bisphosphonate, can act an osteoregulator. Tiludronate disodium hemihydrate is used for the research of the metabolic bone disorders. Tiludronate disodium hemihydrate is a potent inhibitor of the osteoclast vacuolar H+-ATPase. Antiresorptive and anti-inflammatory properties[1][2][3][4].
Mogroside IIA1, a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the extracts of Luo Han Guo, is a nonsugar sweetener. Mogrosides are sweeter than sucrose. Mogrosides exhibit antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer activities[1].
Exicorilant (CORT 125281) is a selective and oral active glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, with a Ki value of 7 nM[1]. Exicorilant (CORT 125281) has potential to overcome adiposity, glucose intolerance and dyslipidaemia[2].
β-Dihydroequilin-d4 is the deuterium labeled β-Dihydroequilin[1].