Biochanin A is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, which inhibits FAAH with IC50s of 1.8, 1.4 and 2.4 μM for mouse, rat, and human FAAH, respectively.
3-Chloro-L-tyrosine is a specific marker of myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation, and is markedly elevated in low density lipoprotein isolated from human atherosclerotic intima.
Magnolin, a major component of Magnolia flos (Shin-Yi), inhibits the Ras/ERKs/RSK2 signaling axis by targeting the active pocket of ERK1 and ERK2 with IC50s of 87 nM and 16.5 nM, respectively.
Isoquercitrin is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor.
Glyparamide is a chlorophenyl-containing sulfonylurea with hypoglycemic activity; Glyparamide rarely causes hepatic injury.
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid is a tryptophan metabolite in the kynurenine pathway.
Daunorubicin hydrochloride is a topoisomerase II inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activities.
Apocynin is a selective NADPH-oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 μM.
D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid is a substrate of D-amino acid oxidase.
Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.
3-(3-Methoxyphenyl)propionic acid is an organic acid, naturally occurring human metabolite and excreted in human urine.
Magainin 2 is an antimicrobial peptide discovered in the skin of Xenopus laevis.
Hydroxyphenylacetylglycine is an acyl glycine, and an endogenous human metabolite.
3-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid is a beta amino acid and positional isomer of L-leucine which is naturally produced in humans via the metabolism of L-leucine by the enzyme leucine 2,3-aminomutase.
Brevianamide F , also known as cyclo-(L-Trp-L-Pro), belongs to a class of naturally occurring 2,5-diketopiperazines.Brevianamide F possess interesting breast cancer resistance protein inhibitory activity.[1] brevianamide F once used as aromatic substrate. [2]
Ginkgolide A is an extract from in Ginkgo biloba and a g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist.Target: GABA ReceptorGinkgolide A is a highly active PAF antagonist cage molecule that is isolated from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree. Shows potential in a wide variety of inflammatory and immunological disorders. Ginkgolide A significantly shortened the sleeping time induced by anesthetics in mice [1]. Ginkgolide A failed to affect apoptotic damage neither in serum-deprived nor in staurosporine-treated neurons [2].
Tripterin (Celastrol) is a proteasome inhibitor which potently and preferentially inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of a purified 20S proteasome with IC50 of 2.5 μM.
Isomangiferin, a natural product, is reported to have antiviral activity.
L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
Deoxyarbutin is a new effective lighten ingredient, can effectively inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis to get significant and lasting lightening effect.
Microcystin-LR is a potent inhibitor of type 1 and type 2A protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A), with IC50s of 1.7 nM and 0.04 nM, respectively. Sequence: Ala-D-Ala-Leu-D-{Bas}-Arg-{Oaa}-D-{Ggu}.
L-Kynurenine is a metabolite of the amino acid L-tryptophan. L-Kynurenine is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist.
Methionine sulfoxide is an oxidation product of methionine with reactive oxygen species and can be regarded as a biomarker of oxidative stress in vivo.
Homoharringtonine (Omacetaxine mepesuccinate;HHT) is a cytotoxic alkaloid with antitumor properties which acts by inhibiting translation elongation.
L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.
Rubusoside is a natural sweetener and a solubilizing agent with antiangiogenic and antiallergic properties. Rubusoside is an excellent solubilizing agent. It can enhance the solubility of a number of pharmaceutically important compounds, such as liquiritin, teniposide, curcumin, and etoposide.
Loganetin is a non-toxic natural product that may be applied in the antibacterial drug development for treating multidrug-resistant Gram negative infections.
Hypaconitine, an active and highly toxic constituent derived from Aconitum species, is widely used to treat rheumatism. IC50 value:Target:In vitro: The present study investigated the metabolism of hypaconitine in vitro using male human liver microsomes. The primary contributors toward HA metabolism were CYP3A4 and 3A5, with secondary contributions by CYP2C19, 2D6 and CYP2E1 [1].In vivo: