Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


Anti-infection >
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15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
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VII-31

VII-31 is a potent NEDDylation pathway activator to inhibit the tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. VII-31 induces apoptosis via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways[1].

  • CAS Number: 2305757-96-2
  • MF: C23H25NO5S
  • MW: 427.51
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

taurohyodeoxycholic acid sodium salt

Taurodeoxychloic Acid (sodium hydrate) prevents apoptosis by blocking a calcium-mediated apoptotic pathway as well as caspase-12 activation. Taurodeoxychloic Acid (sodium hydrate) is investigated for use in several conditions such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), insulin resistance, amyloidosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Cholestasis, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 110026-03-4
  • MF: C26H47NNaO7S+
  • MW: 540.71
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 168ºC (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

SLMP53-1

A novel reactivator of wild-type and mutant p53, shows a p53-dependent anti-proliferative activity in human wt and mut p53R280K-expressing tumor cells; enhances p53 transcriptional activity and restores wt-like DNA binding ability to mut p53R280K; inhibits the growth of wt/mut p53-expressing tumors in xenograft mice models, without apparent toxicity.

  • CAS Number: 1643469-17-3
  • MF: C20H18N2O2
  • MW: 318.376
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Etoposide phosphate disodium

Etoposide phosphate disodium (BMY-40481 disodium) is a potent anti-cancer chemotherapy agent and a selective topoisomerase II inhibitor to prevent re-ligation of DNA strands. Etoposide phosphate disodium is the phosphate ester prodrug of etoposide and is considered as active equivalent to Etoposide. Etoposide phosphate disodium induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 122405-33-8
  • MF: C29H31Na2O16P
  • MW: 712.50
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tubulin/HDAC-IN-1

Tubulin/HDAC-IN-1 is a dual tubulin and HDAC-IN-1 inhibitor through CH/π interaction with tubulin and hydrogen bond interaction with HDAC8. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-1 inhibits tubulin polymerization and selectively inhibits HDAC8 (IC50: 150 nM). Tubulin/HDAC-IN-1 has cytotoxicity against various human cancer cells, also arrests cell cycle in the G2/M phase and induces cell apoptosis. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-1 can be used in the research of hematologic and solid tumors such as neuroblastoma, leukemia[1].

  • CAS Number: 2413587-26-3
  • MF: C21H18N4O3
  • MW: 374.39
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Condurango glycoside A

Condurango glycoside A is an activator of p53. Condurango glycoside A initiates ROS generation and up-regulates p53 expression. Condurango glycoside A induces apoptosis and pre-mature senescence associated with DNA damage in HeLa cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 11051-90-4
  • MF: C53H78O17
  • MW: 987.18
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.28±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • Boiling Point: 954.0±65.0 °C(Predicted)
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

QNZ (EVP4593)

QNZ shows strong inhibitory effects on NF-κB transcriptional activation and TNF-α production with IC50s of 11 and 7 nM, respectively. EVP4593 is a neuroprotective inhibitor of SOC channel.

  • CAS Number: 545380-34-5
  • MF: C22H20N4O
  • MW: 356.420
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 602.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 169-175ºC
  • Flash Point: 317.9±31.5 °C

TRK-IN-23

TRK-IN-23 (compound 24b) is a potent and orally active TRK inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.5 nM, 9 nM, 14 nM, 4.4 nM, and 4.8 nM against TRKA, TRKC, TRKAG595R, TRKAF589L, and TRKAG667C, respectively. TRK-IN-23 indues apoptosis of Ba/F3-TRKAG595Rand Ba/F3-TRKAG667C cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2924344-29-4
  • MF: C20H17FN4O2
  • MW: 364.37
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lapatinib-d4

Lapatinib-d4 (GW572016-d4) is the deuterium labeled Lapatinib (HY-50898). Lapatinib is a potent inhibitor of the ErbB-2 and EGFR tyrosine kinase domains with IC50 values against purified EGFR and ErbB-2 of 10.2 and 9.8 nM, respectively[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1184263-99-7
  • MF: C29H22D4ClFN4O4S
  • MW: 585.08
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NEDD8 inhibitor M22

NEDD8 inhibitor M22 is a novel, potent, selective reversible NEDD8 activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor; inhibit A549 cell proliferation completely at 30 uM (GI50=5.5 uM and GI90=19.3 uM); produces tumor inhibition in AGS xenografts in nude mice and low acute toxicity in zebrafish model; exhibts different binding mode compared with MLN4924.

  • CAS Number: 864420-54-2
  • MF: C20H24Cl2N2
  • MW: 363.326
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ketoprofen-13C,d3

Ketoprofen-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, acting as a potent inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 2 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2 in human blood monocytes, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 1189508-77-7
  • MF: C1513CH11D3O3
  • MW: 258.29
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AT-9283 L-lactate

AT9283 lactic acid is a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor with potent activity against Aurora A/B, JAK2/3, Abl (T315I) and Flt3 (IC50s ranging from 1 to 30 nM). AT9283 lactic acid inhibits growth and survival of multiple solid tumors in vitro and in vivo[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 896466-76-5
  • MF: C22H29N7O5
  • MW: 471.51
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PTC-028

PTC-028 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of stem cell factor BMI-1 in ovarian cancer. PTC-028 selectively inhibits cancer cells whereas normal cells remain unaffected. Depletion of BMI-1 by PTC-028 induces caspase-mediated apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 1782970-28-8
  • MF: C19H12F5N5
  • MW: 405.32
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

QN523

QN523 is a novel scaffold with drug-like properties, showing potent in vitro cytotoxicity in a panel of 12 cancer cell lines. QN523 induces apoptosis and autophagy. QN523 can be used in research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 878581-60-3
  • MF: C14H10N4O
  • MW: 250.26
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MSN-125

MSN-125 (MSN 125, MSN125) is a small molecule Bax inhibitor that inhibits Bax/Bak oligomerization and prevents mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) with IC50 of 4 uM; potently inhibits Bax/Bak-mediated apoptosis in HCT-116, BMK Cells, and primary cortical neurons, protects primary neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity.

  • CAS Number: 1592908-16-1
  • MF: C36H38BrN3O6
  • MW: 688.619
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Puerarin 6''-O-xyloside

Puerarin 6''-O-Xyloside, isolated from radix of Pueraria lobata (Willd.), possesses snti-osteoporotic and anti-tumor activity. Puerarin 6''-O-Xyloside induces the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway.[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 114240-18-5
  • MF: C26H28O13
  • MW: 548.493
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 833.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 280.6±27.8 °C

Serdemetan

Serdemetan(JNJ-26854165) acts as a HDM2 ubiquitin ligase antagonist and also induces early apoptosis in p53 wild-type cells, inhibits cellular proliferation followed by delayed apoptosis in the absence of functional p53.IC50 value: HDM2 ubiquitin ligaseTarget: in vitro: JNJ 26854165 is a novel tryptamine derivative which activates p53 and acts as a HDM2 ubiquitin ligase antagonist. JNJ 26854165 inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in leukemia cell lines with IC50 values of 0.24, 0.33, 0.32 and 0.44 μM at 72 hours for OCI-AML-3, MOLM-13, NALM-6 and REH cells, respectively. In addition, JNJ 26854165 accelerates proteasome-mediated degradation of p21 and antagonizes the transcriptional induction of p21 by p53. It also induces S-phase delay and upregulates E2F1 expression in p53 mutant cells, resulting in preferential apoptosis of S-phase cells. JNJ 26854165 is an oral Mdm2 inhibitor which can inhibit the interaction of Mdm2-p53 complex with the proteasome and increase p53 levels by binding to RING domain of Mdm2. A recent study shows that JNJ 26854165 inhibits clonogenic survival in four human cancer cell lines: H460, A549, p53-WT-HCT116, and p53-null-HCT116.in vivo:JNJ 26854165 leads to significant differences in EFS distribution in 17 of the 36 (47%) evaluable solid tumor xenografts and in 5 of 7 (71%) of the evaluable ALL xenografts using a dose of 20 mg/kg administered via oral gavage daily for 5 days, repeated for 6 weeks.

  • CAS Number: 881202-45-5
  • MF: C21H20N4
  • MW: 328.410
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 615.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 325.8±30.1 °C

UAMC-3203 free base

UAMC-3203 is a potent and selective Ferroptosis inhibitor with an IC50 of 12 nM.

  • CAS Number: 2271358-64-4
  • MF: C25H37N5O2S
  • MW: 471.66
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Dehydroleucodine

Dehydroleucodine is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Gynoxys verrucosa. Dehydroleucodine is a mast cell stabilizer that inhibits tmast cell degranulation induced by compound 48/80. Dehydroleucodine inudces cells apoptosis, and has gastric ulcer inhibition and antileukemic effects[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 36150-07-9
  • MF: C15H16O3
  • MW: 244.28600
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 450.6ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 203.1ºC

MYC-IN-2

MYC-IN-2 is a MYC protein-protein inhibitor. MYC-IN-2 can be used for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2244979-61-9
  • MF: C25H17N3O2S
  • MW: 423.49
  • Catalog: c-Myc
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cepharanthine

Cepharanthine, an alkaloid derived from Stephania cepharantha Hayata, with possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities[1][2][3]. Cepharanthine attenuates muscle and kidney injuries induced by limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)[3]. Cepharanthine induces autophagy, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells[4]. Cepharanthine inhibits the HIV-1 entry process by reducing plasma membrane fluidity[5].

  • CAS Number: 481-49-2
  • MF: C37H38N2O6
  • MW: 606.707
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 140 - 145ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A

Dauricine

Dauricine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid in Asiatic Moonseed Rhizome, possesses anti-inflammatory activity. Dauricine inhibits cell proliferation and invasion, and induces apoptosis by suppressing NF-κB activation in a dose- and time-dependent manner in colon cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 524-17-4
  • MF: C38H44N2O6
  • MW: 624.766
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 712.3±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 115ºC
  • Flash Point: 384.6±32.9 °C

peruvoside

Peruvoside is a potent inhibitor of Src, PI3K, JNK, STAT, and EGFR. Peruvoside induces apoptosis and autophagy and possesses a broad spectrum of anticancer activity in breast, lung, liver cancers and leukemia. Peruvoside is a broad-spectrum and potent antiviral activity against positive-sense RNA viruses. Peruvoside sensitizes Gefitinib (HY-50895)-resistant tumour cells (A549, PC9/gef and H1975) to Gefitinib[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 1182-87-2
  • MF: C30H44O9
  • MW: 548.66
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.31g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 731.6ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 161-164ºC
  • Flash Point: 236.2ºC

Hydroxyecdysone

Crustecdysone (20-Hydroxyecdysone) is a naturally occurring ecdysteroid hormone isolated from Cyanotis arachnoides C.B.Clarke which controls the ecdysis (moulting) and metamorphosis of arthropods, it inhibits caspase activity and induces autophagy via the 20E nuclear receptor complex, EcR-USP[1].Crustecdysone exhibits regulatory or protective roles in the cardiovascular system[2].

  • CAS Number: 5289-74-7
  • MF: C27H44O7
  • MW: 480.634
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 702.1±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 242-244 °C
  • Flash Point: 392.4±29.4 °C

Sildenafil citrate-d8

Sildenafil (citrate)-d8 is the deuterium labeled Sildenafil citrate[1]. Sildenafil citrate is a potent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with IC50 of 5.22 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1215071-03-6
  • MF: C28H30D8N6O11S
  • MW: 674.75
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Kinsenoside

Kinsenoside is a main active component isolated from plants of the genus Anoectochilus, and exhibits many biological activities and pharmacological effects[1]. Kinsenoside rescues the nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) viability under oxidative stress and protects against apoptosis, senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction in a Nrf2-dependent way[2].

  • CAS Number: 151870-74-5
  • MF: C10H16O8
  • MW: 264.229
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 570.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 226.2±23.6 °C

RIPK1 inhibitor GS3145095

GSK3145095 is a RIP1 kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.3 nM [1].

  • CAS Number: 1622849-43-7
  • MF: C20H17F2N5O2
  • MW: 397.38
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Topoisomerase I inhibitor 3

Topoisomerase I inhibitor 3 (Compound ZML-14) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor and can interact with topoisomerase I-DNA complex. Topoisomerase I inhibitor 3 induces HepG2 cell apoptosis and arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase[1].

  • CAS Number: 2588211-50-9
  • MF: C18H14FNO3
  • MW: 311.31
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(S)-Erypoegin K

(S)-Erypoegin K is a potent anticancer agent. (S)-Erypoegin K shows potent anti-proliferative activity against HL-60 cells. (S)-Erypoegin K induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2055053-90-0
  • MF: C20H18O6
  • MW: 354.35
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MEK-IN-5

MEK-IN-5 is a potent MEK inhibitor and NO donor. MEK-IN-5 significantly reduces the levels of pMEK and pERK in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. MEK-IN-5 induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2417022-06-9
  • MF: C29H27FN4O10S2
  • MW: 674.67
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A