PD1-IN-2 is a PD1 signaling pathway inhibitor, which acts as an immunomodulator.
POT-4 (AL-78898A), a Compstatin derivative, is a potent inhibitor of complement factor C3 activation. POT-4 can be used for age-related macular degeneration research[1][2]
Irdabisant (CEP-26401) hydrochloride is a selective, orally active and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant histamine H3 receptor (H3R) inverse agonist/inverse agonist with Ki values of 7.2 nM and 2.0 nM for rat H3R and human H3R, respectively. Irdabisant hydrochloride has relatively low inhibitory activity against hERG current with an IC50 of 13.8 μM. Irdabisant hydrochloride has cognition-enhancing and wake-promoting activities in the rat social recognition model. Irdabisant hydrochloride can be used to research schizophrenia or cognitive impairment[1][2].
β-Naphthoflavone is a non-carcinogenic AhR agonist as a positive control for the induction of AhR transcriptional activity[1]. β-Naphthoflavone inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis[2].
Tilsotolimod (sodium) is a synthetic Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist that has demonstrated antitumor activity in preclinical models.
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid potassium (Poly(I:C) potassium) is a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and an agonist of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RIG-I and MDA5). Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid sodium can be used as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance innate and adaptive immune responses, and to alter the tumor microenvironment. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid potassium can directly trigger cancer cells to undergoApoptosis[1][2][3].
AZ10397767 is a potent, selective CXCR2 inhibitor that inhibits CXCL8 binding to CXCR2 with pIC50 of 9.0; weakly inhibits CXCL8 binding to CXCR1 with pIC50<7, and no affinity for CCR2 and CCR5; significantly attenuates IL-8-induced c-FLIP mRNA up-regulation whereas inhibition of AR- and/or NF-kappaB-mediated transcription attenuated IL-8-induced c-FLIP expression in LNCaP and PC3 cells, respectively; attenuates oxaliplatin-induced NF-kappaB activation, increases oxaliplatin cytotoxicity, and potentiates oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis in AIPC cells.
Desethyl chloroquine is a major desethyl metabolite of Chloroquine. Chloroquine diphosphate is an inhibitor of autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs). Desethyl chloroquine possesses antiplasmodic activity[1][2].
APHS is a specific and covalent COX-2 inhibitor with neuroprotective effects. COX-2 is a prostaglandin (PG) synthetase overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and has pleiotropic cancer-promoting effects. APHS modifies COX-2 by acetylating the active site (serine 516), thereby inhibiting prostaglandin production. The neuroprotective activity of APHS is inhibited by prostaglandin E2. APHS also co-inhibits the WNT pathway, an anti-tumor mechanism in addition to COX-2 inhibition[1][2].
Azatadine dimaleate is an histamine and cholinergic inhibitor with IC50 of 6.5 nM and 10 nM, respectively.Target: Histamine ReceptorAzatadine, a new antihistamine, was evaluated for its efficacy in 20 patients with chronic allergic rhinitis. Eighty percent of patients had symptomatic relief with a twice daily dosage of 2 mg. Sedation was volunteered as a side effect by six of the patients and was admitted by two further patients after specific questioning. A choice reaction time test gave slowing of motor function in these sedated patients. Four of the previously sedated patients experienced good symptomatic control with minimal sedation when the azatadine dose was reduced to 1 mg twice daily; slowing of motor function was not observed at this, the normal recommended dose.Azatadine delays the onset of dyspnea-induced by aerosolized histamine, acetylcholine and serotonin in the conscious guinea-pig with PD50 of 0.01 mg/kg, 0.739 mg/kg and 0.86 mg/kg. Azatadine protects conscious guinea-pigs against death induced by the intravenous injection of histamine with oral PD50 of 0.009 mg/kg in guinea-pig and 0.22 mg/kg in mice.
Dexchlorpheniramine maleate is an antihistamine, with anticholinergic properties, used to treat allergic conditions.
SB-649701 is a potent human CCR8 antagonist, with a pIC50 of 7.7. AZ084 can be used for the research of asthma[1].
3,9-Dihydroeucomin (compound 12) is a natural homoisoflavonoid compound with less COX-2 inhibitory activitys[1].
Clerodendrin is a nature product could be isolated from Lobelia chinensis. Clerodendrin is a potent dual Interleukin-4 (IL-4) inhibitor and β-hexosaminidase (Hex) inhibitor[1].
4,4'-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxydihydrochalcone exhibits COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity[1].
HG-9-91-01 is a potent and highly selective salt-inducible kinase (SIKs) inhibitor with IC50s of 0.92 nM, 6.6 nM and 9.6 nM for SIK1, SIK2 and SIK3 respectively.
Immethridine dihydrobromide is a selective histamine H3 receptor (H3R) agonist. Immethridine dihydrobromide displays 300-fold selectivity over the H4 receptor and does not bind to H1 or H2 receptors. Immethridine dihydrobromide can be used for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) research[1].
Etoricoxib-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. Etoricoxib (MK-0663) is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.1 μM and 116 μM for COX-2 and COX-1 in human whole blood.
BMS-37 is a PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor. BMS-37 can be used as PD-L1 ligand to synthesize PROTAC molecules[1].
Flurbiprofen-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. Flurbiprofen (dl-Flurbiprofen) is a potent, orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA/NSAID), with antipyretic and analgesic activities. Flurbiprofen is commonly used for the research of inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Flurbiprofen is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that can be used for the research of colorectal cancer[1][2][3].
SKI-I is a potent and selective inhibitor of human sphingosine kinase (SK), with an IC50 of 1.2 μM for ST-hSK. SKI-I also inhibits hERK2 (IC50=11 μM). SKI-I induces apoptosis in tumor cell lines[1][2].
IRAK4-IN-28 (compound 42) is an orally active IRAK4 inhibitor (IC50=8.9 nM). IRAK4-IN-28 has binding affinity for IRAK4 with a Kd of 0.58 nM. IRAK4-IN-28 can be used in the research of inflammation and autoimmune diseases[1].
Thioperamide (MR-12842) is a potent, orally available, brain penetrant and selective H3 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 4.3 nM for inhibition of [3H]histamine release. Thioperamide inhibits [3H]histamine synthesis with a Ki of 31 nM[1].
Trimethylamine N-oxide is a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients. Trimethylamine N-oxide induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome. Trimethylamine N-oxide also accelerates fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and induces cardiac fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway[1][2][3].
Gefurulimab (ALXN-1720) is a human-derived bispecific antibody against complement C5 and albumin that binds C5 and blocks its activation[1].
Immuno modulator-1 (compound 22) inhibits TNFα and IL-2 secretion in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC), with IC50 values of 4.7 and 26 nM, respectively. Immuno modulator-1 shows hERG potassium channel blocking effect, with Inhibitory percentage of 20% at 3 μM[1].
Buclizine is an orally active antihistamine antiallergic compound. Buclizine is a potent teratogen in the rat and shows anti-tumor activity[1][2][3].
Indomethacin sodium hydrate (Indometacin sodium hydrate) is a potent, blood-brain permeable and nonselective inhibitor of COX1 and COX2, with IC50s of 18 nM and 26 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively, in CHO cells[1]. Indomethacin sodium hydrate disrupts autophagic flux by disturbing the normal functioning of lysosomes[2].
Vipoglanstat (BI 1029539, GS-248), a carboxamide, is a potent and selective, non-peptide and orally active small molecular inhibitor of human prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1). Vipoglanstat (BI 1029539, GS-248) also has anti-inflammatory activity[1][2].
Mebhydrolin napadisylate is a specific histamine H1 receptor antagonist.