β-Lipotropin (61-69) is a potent opioid agonist[1][2].
RG-12915 is a selective 5-HT3 antagonist, with IC50 value of 0.16 nM.
Cebranopadol ((1α,4α)stereoisomer) is a stereoisomer of cebranopadol. Cebranopadol is a potent agonist activity on ORL-1.
γ-Acetylenic GABA hydrochloride is a GABA transaminase inhibitor.
SSR 146977 is a potent and selective antagonist of the tachykinin NK3 receptor. SSR 146977 inhibits the binding of radioactive neurokinin B to NK3 receptors in Chinese hamster ovary cells, with a Ki of 0.26 nM[1].
Revexepride is a highly selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist, and a potential inducer of CYP3A4 enzyme, used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Ladostigil (TV-3326) hemitartrate is a dual inhibitor of cholinesterase and brain-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO), with an IC50 of 37.1 and 31.8 μM for MAO-B and AChE, reapectively. Ladostigil hemitartrate could increase cholinergic transmission, prevent the formation of ROS or their actions and be used for the research of depression and Alzheimer's disease[1][2].
Conantokin R (Con-R) is an NMDA receptor peptide antagonist with an IC50 of 93 nM. Conantokin R binds Zn2+ and Mg2+ with Kds of 0.15 μM and 6.5 μM, respectively. Conantokin R shows anticonvulsant activity[1][2].
Pirmenol is an orally active antiarrhythmic agent. Pirmenol inhibits IK.ACh (IC50: 0.1 μM) by blocking mAchR. Pirmenol can be used in the research of cardiovascular disease, such as atrial fibrillation[1][2][4].
cis-Urocanic acid is a 5-HT2A receptor agonist. cis-Urocanic acid binds to 5-HT receptor with relatively high affinity (Kd=4.6 nM). cis-Urocanic acid is an immune modulator that induces immunosuppression by binding to the 5-HT2A receptor[1].
Dicyclomine (Dicycloverine) is a potent and orally active muscarinic cholinergic receptors antagonist. Dicyclomine (Dicycloverine) shows high affinity for muscarinic M1 receptor subtype (Ki=5.1 nM) and M2 receptor subtype (Ki=54.6 nM) in brush-border membrane and basal plasma membranes, respectively[1]. Dicyclomine is an antispasmodic agent and relieves smooth muscle spasm of the gastrointestinal tract in vivo[2].
Revefenacin (TD-4208; GSK1160724) is a potent mAChR antagonist; has a high affinity on M3 receptor with a Ki of 0.18 nM
Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase Substrate is a Ca2+- and calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) substrate peptide. Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase Substrate is a synthetic peptide substrate for protein kinases[1].
NMDA receptor potentiator-1 (Compound 1368) is a subunit selective NMDA receptor potentiator with IC50s of 4 μM and 5 μM against NR2C and NR2D expression, respectively[1].
Sarcosine is a glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT) inhibitor and an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor co-agonist at the glycine binding site.
DIPPA (hydrochloride) is an irreversible, long-lasting, selective and high affinity κ-opioid receptor antagonist. DIPPA (hydrochloride) can be used for the research of anxiety and antidepressant[1][2][3][4].
Mofegiline Hcl (MDL72974A) is a potent and selective enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B; shows marked selectivity for the B form (IC50 = 680 and 3.6 nM for MAO-A and MAO-B).IC50 value: 3.6 nM [1]Target: MAO-Bin vitro: MDL72974 inhibits rat brain mitochondrial MAO in a concentration and time-dependent fashion and shows marked selectivity for the B form (IC50 = 680 and 3.6 nM for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively) [1]. is also capable of inhibiting semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases (SSAOs) obtained from vascular tissues and sera of different species. The inhibition of SSAO by MDL-72974A was irreversible and time dependent. It was competitive without preincubation of the enzyme with the inhibitor and demonstrated a mixed-type of inhibition when the enzyme was preincubated with the inhibitor. The IC50 values were estimated to be 2 x 10(-9) M, 5 x 10(-9) M, 8 x 10(-8) M and 2 x 10(-8) M for SSAO from dog aorta, rat aorta, bovine aorta and human umbilical artery, respectively [2]. in vivo: After oral administration to rats, the compound shows preferential inhibition of brain MAO-B with ED50 values of 8 and 0.18 mg/kg p.o. for the A and B forms, respectively. Selectivity is retained on repeat dosing. MDL 72,974 did not significantly potentiate the cardiovascular effects of intraduodenually-administered tyramine in anaesthetized rats and had only minor indirect sympathomimatic effects in the pithed rat [1]. Male beagle dogs were given single p.o. (20 mg/kg) and i.v. (5 mg/kg) doses of [14C]-Mofegiline. Total radioactivity excreted in urine and feces over 96 hr was, respectively, 75.5 +/- 3.8 and 6.3 +/- 3.4% of the dose after p.o. and 67.9 +/- 0.5 and 3.9 +/- 2.4% after i.v. administration. Unchanged drug in urine represented 3% of the dose after po and less than 1% after i.v. administration. Mofegiline was thus extensively metabolized in dogs, and urinary excretion was the major route of elimination of metabolites [3].
Clozapine N-oxide dihydrochloride is a major metabolite of Clozapine and a human muscarinic designer receptors (DREADDs) agonist. Clozapine N-oxide dihydrochloride specifically activates the DREADD receptor hM3Dq. Clozapine N-oxide dihydrochloride can cross the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. Clozapine is a potent dopamine antagonist and also a potent and selective muscarinic M4 receptor (EC50=11 nM) agonist[4][5].
Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) is a potent amyloid β (Aβ) inhibitor. Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) increases the expression of acetylcholine (ACh) levels, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and ChAT gene induced by Aβ (1-42). Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) decreases in acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity and AChE gene expression induced by Aβ (1-42). Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) increases muscarinic M1 receptor gene expression and muscarinic M1 receptor binding activity. Fustinis ((±)-Fustin; 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone) can be used for Alzheimer's disease research[1].
Eletriptan (UK-116044) is a highly selective and orally active serotonin 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptor agonist, with pKi values of 8.0 and 8.9, respectively. Eletriptan has inhibitory effects on markers of neurogenic inflammation in rats. Eletriptan can be used for researching migraine[1].
Ipratropium Bromide is a muscarinic antagonist, bronchodilator, N-Isopropyl salt of atropine.Target: mAChRIpratropium bromide, a nonselective muscarinic antagonist, is widely prescribed for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In anaesthetised guinea-pigs, bronchoconstriction induced by vagal nerve stimulation was potentiated by low doses of the antimuscarinic bronchodilator drug, ipratropium (0.01-1.0 ?g/kg); the maximum effect was obtained with 1.0 ?g/kg which doubled the bronchoconstriction. When the dose was increased above 1.0 ?g/kg potentiation no longer occurred; instead the vagally induced bronchoconstriction was antagonized [1, 2].
Dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE) hydrobromide is a potent, orally active, and competitive antagonist of neuronal nAChRs. Dihydro-β-erythroidine hydrobromide shows selectivity for α4β4 and α4β2 nAChRs, with IC50s of 0.19 and 0.37 μM, respectively. Antidepressant-like activities[1][2][3].
EMD386088 is a potent serotonin 6 receptor (5-HT6R) agonist. EMD386088 induces cell death. EMD386088 regulates the activity of ERK1/2. EMD386088 has the potential for the research of alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia[1][2][3].
β-Endorphin (1-27) (human) is an opioid antagonist that binds μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors with Kis of 5.31, 6.17, and 39.82 nM, respectively. β-Endorphin (1-27) (human) inhibits β-Endorphin (HY-P1502)-induced and etorphine-induced analgesia[1][2].
gamma-secretase modulator 2 is a potent and selective γ-secretase modulator for treatment of Alzheimer's diseaseIC50 value: Target: γ-secretaseγ-secretase modulator is modulation of the action of γ-secretase so as to Selectively attenuate production of Aβ(1-42) and hence find use in treatment or prevention of diseases associated with deposition of Aβ in the brain. γ-secretase modulator is usful in particular Alzheimer's disease.
Carpindolol (SDZ21009) is a 5-HT1B receptor antagonist (pKd of 8.53 and pKB of 8.0) and a 5-HT1D receptor agonist (pEC50 of 5.91 and pKd of 6.37)[1].
Ro 41-1049 hydrochloride is a selective, reversible, orally-active MAO-A inhibitor.Target: MAOin vivo: Ro 41-1049 is an inhibitor of the enzyme monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) to rats and monitored extracellular catecholamine levels in the corpus striatum before and after the intraperitoneal (IP) administration of a bolus of L-dopa. Acute administration of Ro 41-1049 (1-50 mg/kg IP) produced a dose-dependent decrease in basal levels of the dopamine metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) and an increase in basal levels of dopamine. In rats treated with Ro 41-1049 (20 mg/kg IP), L-dopa administration (100 mg/kg IP) produced a greater increase in striatal levels of dopamine than it did in controls, while DOPAC and HVA formation was attenuated. We conclude that inhibition of central MAO-A activity promotes synaptic accumulation of dopamine following administration of pharmacological doses of L-dopa.
LP-211 is a selective and blood−brain barrier penetrant 5-HT7 receptor agonist, with a Ki of 0.58 nM, with high selectivity over 5-HT1A receptor (Ki, 188 nM) and D2 receptor (Ki, 142 nM).
SDZ 220-040 is a competitive the mammalian NMDA receptor antagonist[1].
Melatonin D5 is deuterium labeled Melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties[1][2][3]. Melatonin is a selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation[4].