Neuronal Signaling is involved in the regulation of the mechanics of the central nervous system such as its structure, function, genetics and physiology as well as how this can be applied to understand diseases of the nervous system. Every information processing system in the CNS is composed of neurons and glia, neurons have evolved unique capabilities for intracellular signaling (communication within the cell) and intercellular signaling (communication between cells).

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including 5-HT receptor, histamine receptor, opioid receptor, and etc, are the largest class of sensory proteins and are important therapeutic targets in Neuronal Signaling. GPCRs are activated by diverse stimuli, including light, enzymatic processing of their N-termini, and binding of proteins, peptides, or small molecules such as neurotransmitters, and regulate neuronal excitability by indirectly modulating the function of voltage-gated channels, such as voltage-gated calcium channel and transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. Besides, Notch signaling, such as β- and γ-secretase, also plays multiple roles in the development of the CNS including regulating neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, survival, self-renewal and differentiation.

GPCR dysfunction caused by receptor mutations and environmental challenges contributes to many neurological diseases. Notch signaling in neurons, glia, and NSCs is also involved in pathological changes that occur in disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease and CNS tumors. Thus, targeting Neuronal Signaling, such as notch signaling and GPCRs, can be used as therapeutic interventions for several different CNS disorders.

References:
[1] Lathia JD, et al. J Neurochem. 2008 Dec;107(6):1471-81.
[2] Palczewski K, et al. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2013 Jul 8;36:139-64.
[3] Geppetti P, et al. Neuron. 2015 Nov 18;88(4):635-49.


Anti-infection >
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Antibody-drug Conjugate >
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Apoptosis >
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ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
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15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
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Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
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Toloxatone

Toloxatone (MD 69276) is a reversible monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) inhibitor[1]. Antidepressant[1].

  • CAS Number: 29218-27-7
  • MF: C11H13NO3
  • MW: 207.23
  • Catalog: Monoamine Oxidase
  • Density: 1.245g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 358.9ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 76°
  • Flash Point: 170.9ºC

Sertindole-d4

Sertindole-d4 (Lu 23-174-d4) is the deuterium labeled Sertindole. Sertindole, a neuroleptic, is one of the newer antipsychotic medications available[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1794737-42-0
  • MF: C24H22D4ClFN4O
  • MW: 444.97
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ramosetron Hydrochloride

Ramosetron Hydrochloride(YM060 Hydrochloride) is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist for the treatment of nausea and vomiting.Target: 5-HT3 ReceptorRamosetron hydrochloride selectively blocks serotonin receptors (5-HT3). Serotonin plays a vital role in vomiting, serotonin-induced bradycardic reflex and peristalsis. The pharmacological action of Ramosetron hydrochloride is sustained and potent.

  • CAS Number: 132907-72-3
  • MF: C17H18ClN3O
  • MW: 315.797
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 579.7ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 244-246°C
  • Flash Point: 304.4ºC

Bemegride

Bemegride is a central nervous system stimulant and antidote for barbiturate poisoning.target: GABAA receptor Bemegride has an antagonistic action on the GABAA receptor, suppressing both GABA- and pentobarbitone-evoked whole-cell currents to similar extents. [1] Long-term oral administration to the rat of barbitone, alone or together with the analeptics bemegride or pentylenetetrazol, show that the intensity of the withdrawal syndrome generally parallels the degree of associated CNS depression. [2]

  • CAS Number: 64-65-3
  • MF: C8H13NO2
  • MW: 155.194
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 282.0±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 126-127 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 125.8±18.9 °C

MAO A/HSP90-IN-1

MAO A/HSP90-IN-1 (4-b) is a MAO A/HSP90 dual inhibitor with IC50 value of 1.77 μM and 0.019 μM in Glioblastoma (GBM) GL26 cells and HSP90α, respectively. MAO A/HSP90-IN-1 (4-b) can inhibit MAO A activity, HSP90 binding and the expression of HER2 and phospho-Akt to inhibit the growth of GBM, they also reduce PD-L1 expression, which inhibits T cell activation. MAO A/HSP90-IN-1 (4-b) have potential to inhibit tumor immune escape. MAO A/HSP90-IN-1 (4-b) can be used for brain tumor-related diseases research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2927489-95-8
  • MF: C24H29ClN2O4
  • MW: 444.95
  • Catalog: HSP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Onzigolide

Onzigolide (BIM-23A760), a chimeric dopamine-somatostatin compound, shows potent agonist activity at both DA type 2 (D2R) and SST type 2 (SSTR2) receptors[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 778630-77-6
  • MF: C86H116N16O12S4
  • MW: 1694.20
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Amisulpride

Amisulpride is a dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist with Kis of 2.8 and 3.2 nM for human dopamine D2 and D3, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 71675-85-9
  • MF: C17H27N3O4S
  • MW: 369.479
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 558.9±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 124-128ºC
  • Flash Point: 291.8±30.1 °C

Enzacamene

4-Methylbenzylidene camphor(4-MBC; Enzacamene)is an organic camphor derivative that is used in the cosmetic industry for its ability to protect the skin against UV, specifically UV B radiation.

  • CAS Number: 36861-47-9
  • MF: C18H22O
  • MW: 254.367
  • Catalog: AChE
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 371.9±22.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 66-68°C
  • Flash Point: 168.9±13.2 °C

hMAO-B-IN-2

hMAO-B-IN-2 (compound 6j) is an orally active, potent, selective and BBB penetrated and competitive reversible hMAO-B inhibitor, with an IC50 of 4 nM. hMAO-B-IN-2 shows low toxicity and good neuroprotective effects in SH-SY5Y cell. hMAO-B-IN-2 can be used for alzheimer’s disease research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2454459-87-9
  • MF: C18H23NO3
  • MW: 301.38
  • Catalog: Monoamine Oxidase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Adoprazine

Adoprazine, a potential atypical antipsychotic bearing potent D2 receptor antagonist and 5-HT1A receptor agonist properties.IC50 Value: N/ATarget: Dopamine Receptor; 5-HT ReceptorAdoprazine is a full 5-HT1A receptor agonist and full D2/3 receptor antagonist possessing characteristics of an atypical antipsychotic, representing a potential novel treatment for schizophrenia.

  • CAS Number: 222551-17-9
  • MF: C24H24FN3O2
  • MW: 405.46500
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Propionylpromazine

Propionylpromazine is a dopamine receptor DRD2 antagonist. Propionylpromazine also is an effective tranquillizer. Propionylpromazine can be used in veterinary studies[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 3568-24-9
  • MF: C20H24N2OS
  • MW: 340.48200
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.138 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 507.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 260.7ºC

FPS-ZM1

FPS-ZM1 is a high-affinity RAGE inhibitor with a Ki of 25 nM.

  • CAS Number: 945714-67-0
  • MF: C20H22ClNO
  • MW: 327.848
  • Catalog: Amyloid-β
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 497.6±38.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 254.7±26.8 °C

2,6-Dimethyl-L-tyrosine

2,6-Dimethyl-L-tyrosine (Dmt) is a tyrosine derivative that enhances receptor affinity, functional bioactivity and in vivo analgesia of opioid peptides[1].

  • CAS Number: 123715-02-6
  • MF: C11H15NO3
  • MW: 209.242
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 412.8±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 203.4±28.7 °C

Orvepitant maleate

Orvepitant maleate (GW823296 maleate) is potent, selective, orally active and well-tolerated neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1) antagonist with a pKi of 10.2 for human neurokinin-1 receptor. Orvepitant maleate can across the blood-brain barrier. Orvepitant maleate has the potential for depressive disorder and chronic refractory cough (CRC) treatment[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 579475-24-4
  • MF: C35H39F7N4O6
  • MW: 744.69600
  • Catalog: Neurokinin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BAM-3200

Peptide E is a potent kappa opiate receptor agonist. Peptide E has opiate receptor binding activity with IC50 value of 0.39 μM. Peptide E can be used for the research of central nervous system[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 78355-50-7
  • MF: C147H207N41O34S2
  • MW: 3156.60000
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SB-616234A

SB-616234A is a selective and orally bioavailable 5-HT1B receptor antagonist, with anxiolytic and antidepressant activity.

  • CAS Number: 908601-49-0
  • MF: C32H36ClN5O3
  • MW: 574.113
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NPS ALX Compound 4a

NPS ALX Compound 4a is a potent and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine6 (5-HT6) receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 7.2 nM, which also has a great binding affinity with Ki of 0.2 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 299433-10-6
  • MF: C25H25N3O2S
  • MW: 431.55
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RO 19-4603

Ro19-4603 is a benzodiazepine inverse agonist. Ro19-4603 antagonizes ethanol (EtOH) intake in alcohol-preferring rats[1].

  • CAS Number: 99632-94-7
  • MF: C15H17N3O3S
  • MW: 319.38
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: 1.37g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 537.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 279ºC

Fezolinetant

Fezolinetant is an antagonist of the neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R), used for the treatment of menopausal hot flushes.

  • CAS Number: 1629229-37-3
  • MF: C16H15FN6OS
  • MW: 358.393
  • Catalog: Neurokinin Receptor
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 623.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 330.5±34.3 °C

D-Tetrahydropalmatine

D-Tetrahydropalmatine is an isoquinoline alkaloid, mainly in the genus Corydalis[1]. D-Tetrahydropalmatine is a Dopamine (DA) receptor antagonist with preferential affinity toward the D1 receptors[2]. D-Tetrahydropalmatine is a potent organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) inhibitor[3].

  • CAS Number: 3520-14-7
  • MF: C21H25NO4
  • MW: 355.427
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 482.9±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 138.7±25.9 °C

Eplivanserin hemifumarate

Eplivanserin (SR-46349) hemifumarate is a potent, selective and orally active 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, with an IC50 of 5.8 nM in rat cortical membrane, and a Kd of 1.14 nM. Eplivanserin hemifumarate displays >20-fold selectivity more selective for 5-HT2A than 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 130580-02-8
  • MF: C23H25FN2O6
  • MW: 444.45300
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 456.3ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 229.8ºC

Leu-Enkephalin amide acetate salt

[Leu5]-Enkephalin, amide is a δ opioid receptor agonist.

  • CAS Number: 60117-24-0
  • MF: C28H38N6O6
  • MW: 554.63800
  • Catalog: Peptides
  • Density: 1.254 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1012.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 566.3ºC

A-867744

A-867744 is a positive allosteric modulator of α7 nAChRs (IC50 values are 0.98 and 1.12 μM for human and rat α7 receptor ACh-evoked currents respectively, in X. laevis oocytes). Displays no activity at 5-HT3A, α3β4 or α4β2 nAChRs.IC50 value: ~ 1 uMTarget: α7 nAChRTarget:

  • CAS Number: 1000279-69-5
  • MF: C20H19ClN2O3S
  • MW: 402.89400
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(±)-Methotrimeprazine (D6)

(±)-Methotrimeprazine (D6) is the deuterium labeled Methotrimeprazine, which is a D3 dopamine and Histamine H1 receptor antagonist.

  • CAS Number: 1189805-51-3
  • MF:
  • MW: 334.51
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Thioproperazine

Thioproperazine (RP 7843) is an orally active antipsychotic agent with calming, antiemetic activity. Thioproperazine is effective in promoting the release of dopamine in rat striatum. Thioproperazine can be used in studies of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder[1].

  • CAS Number: 316-81-4
  • MF: C22H30N4O2S2
  • MW: 446.62900
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.237g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 612.2ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 140ºC
  • Flash Point: 324ºC

Asimadoline hydrochloride

Asimadoline (EMD-61753) hydrochloride is an orally active, selective and peripherally active κ-opioid agonist with IC50s of 5.6 nM (guinea pig) and 1.2 nM (human recombinant). Asimadoline hydrochloride has low permeability across the blood brain barrier and has peripheral anti-inflammatory actions. Asimadoline hydrochloride ameliorates allodynia in diabetic rats and has the potential for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 185951-07-9
  • MF: C27H31ClN2O2
  • MW: 451.00000
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

WAY 629 hydrochloride

WAY 629 hydrochloride is a potent and selective 5-HT2C agonist with EC50s of 426, 260000 nM for 5-HT2C and 5-HT2A, respectively. WAY 629 hydrochloride decreases feeding behavior[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 57756-44-2
  • MF: C15H19ClN2
  • MW: 262.778
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

pargyline hydrochloride

Pargyline hydrochloride is an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) that is used clinically to treat moderate hypertension.

  • CAS Number: 306-07-0
  • MF: C11H14ClN
  • MW: 195.689
  • Catalog: Monoamine Oxidase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 228.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 160-163ºC
  • Flash Point: 83.9ºC

BGC 20-761

BGC20-761 is a selecvtive 5-HT6 and dopamine receptor antagonist (human receptor Ki values: 5-HT6 (20 nM), 5-HT2A (69 nM), D2 (140 nM). BGC20-761, can enhance long-term memory. BGC20-761 has potential utility as an antipsychotic agent[1].

  • CAS Number: 17375-63-2
  • MF: C19H22N2O
  • MW: 294.39100
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

β2AR/M-receptor agonist-2

β2AR/M-receptor agonist-2 (compound 15) is a muscarinic antagonist and β2 adrenoceptor agonist (MABA). β2AR/M-receptor agonist-2 shows potency to β2 adrenoceptor with an EC50 value of 3.7 nM. β2AR/M-receptor agonist-2 also has potency to human cloned M3 receptor with a Ki value of 0.73 nM. β2AR/M-receptor agonist-2 is a potent bronchodilator, it can be used for the research of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)[1].

  • CAS Number: 1017857-38-3
  • MF: C36H49ClN4O7S
  • MW: 717.31
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A