Akuammidine, isolated from the seeds of Picralima nitida, shows a preference for μ-opioid binding sites with Ki values of 0.6, 2.4 and 8.6 μM at μ-, σ- and κ-opioid binding sites, respectively. Akuammidine possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic properties[1][2].
[D-Ala2]leucine-enkephalin, a delta opioid agonist, is a degradation resistant long-acting Leu-enkephalin. Sequence: Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu.
Isoguvacine hydrochloride is a GABA receptor agonist.
(-)-Securinine is plant-derived alkaloid and also a GABAA receptor antagonist.
2,3,5,6,7,8-Hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]quinolin-9-amine is a pharmaceutically active compound which is a nootropic agent that acts as cholinesterase inhibitor and is used in treatment of Alzheimer disease[1].
Anagyrine ((-)-Anagyrine) hydrochloride is a quinolizidine alkaloid that has been found in Lupinus albus. Anagyrine hydrochloride binds to muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with IC50 values of 132 and 2096 µM respectively. Anagyrine hydrochloride is a potent and effective desensitizer of nAChR, and Anagyrine hydrochloride can directly, without metabolism, desensitize nAChR[1][2][3].
Pyridostigmine is a parasympathomimetic and a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor.Target: AChEPyridostigmine is a parasympathomimetic and a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. Since it is a quaternary amine, it is poorly absorbed in the gut and does not cross the blood–brain barrier, except possibly in stressful conditions. Pyridostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft, thus slowing down the hydrolysis of acetylcholine. It is a quaternary carbamate inhibitor of cholinesterase that does not cross the blood–brain barrier which carbamylates about 30% of peripheral cholinesterase enzyme. The carbamylated enzyme eventually regenerates by natural hydrolysis and excess ACh levels revert to normal.Pyridostigmine is used to treat muscle weakness in people with myasthenia gravis and to combat the effects of curariform drug toxicity. Pyridostigmine bromide has been FDA approved for military use during combat situations as an agent to be given prior to exposure to the nerve agent Soman in order to increase survival. Used in particular during the first Gulf War, pyridostigmine bromide has been implicated as a causal factor in Gulf War syndrome. Pyridostigmine sometimes is used to treat orthostatic hypotension. It may also be of benefit in chronic axonal polyneuropathy.
AC-42 is a poent M1 muscarinic selective allosteric agonist with EC50s of 805 nM and 220 nM for human wild-type and Y381A mutated M1 receptors, respectively[1].
Vinconate is an indolonaphthyridine derivative and can stimulate the muscariic acetylcholine receptor.
4-(6-Bromo-2-benzothiazolyl)benzenamine is a β-amyloid PET (positron emission tomography) tracer that can be used in the diagnosis of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Down's syndrome.
1-Monomyristin, extracted from Serenoa repens, inhibits the hydrolysis of 2-oleoylglycerol (IC50=32 μM) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity (IC50=18 μM). 1-Monomyristin shows antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and also antifungal activity against Candida albicans[1][2][3].
L-745870 is a high-affinity, selective and orally active human dopamine D4 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.43 nM, and considerably weaker D2 (Ki of 960 nM) and D3 (Ki of 2300 nM) receptors affinity. L-745870 has excellent brain penetration[1][2][3].
ABT-724 is a potent and highly selective dopamine D4 receptor agonist with an EC50 of 12.4 nM for human dopamine D4 receptor. ABT-724 is a potent partial agonist at the rat D4 (EC50 of 14.3 nM) and the ferret D4 receptor (EC50 of 23.2 nM). ABT-724 has no effect on dopamine D1, D2, D3, or D5 receptors. ABT-724 could be useful for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and has favorable side-effect profile[1].
Kynurenic acid, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, is a broad-spectrum antagonist targeting NMDA, glutamate, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Kynurenic acid is also a selective ligand of the GPR35 receptor.
(R)-SKF 38393 ((±)-SKF-38393) hydrochloride is a potent and selective D1 dopamine receptor antagonist. (R)-SKF 38393 hydrochloride inhibits G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channel[1].
AChE/BChE-IN-8 (Compound 5a) is an uncompetitive AChE and mixed BChE inhibitor with Ki values of 0.788 μM and 2.364 μM against Electrophorus electricus AChE (EeAChE) and equine BChE (eqBChE), respectively. AChE/BChE-IN-8 can cross the BBB and has low cytotoxicity[1].
Clozapine-d4 (HF 1854-d4) is the deuterium labeled Clozapine. Clozapine is an antipsychotic used for the research of schizophrenia. Clozapine has high affinity for a number of neuroreceptors[1][2][3][4][5].
LY-2456302 is a potent and centrally-penetrant kappa opioid receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.807 nM.
D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Met-NH2 monoacetate, an opioid peptide, is a potent opiate δ-receptor agonist[1].
SP-10 is a small peptide derived from S protein with an IC50 value of 1.88 nM for blocks the interaction between S protein and ACE2. SP-10 can be used for SARS-CoV research[1].
Tyr-W-MIF-1 is an opioid tetrapeptide with opiate and antiopiate activity. Tyr-W-MIF-1 can induce analgesia[1][2][5].
Picfeltarraenin IV, a triterpenoid obtained from Picriafel-terrae Lour (P.fel-terrae), is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Picfeltarraenin IV can be used for the treatment of herpes infections, cancer and inflammation[1].
Almotriptan is a 5-HT1B/1D-receptor agonist used to treat migraine.IC50:Target: 5-hydroxytryptamine1B/1D (5-HT1B/1D) ReceptorAlmotriptan is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine1B/1D (5-HT1B/1D) receptor agonist, used for the treatment of Migraine attacks in adults. Almotriptan showed low nanomolar affinity for the 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(1D) receptors in several species, including the human, while affinity for 5-HT receptors other than 5-HT(1B/1D) was clearly less. Almotriptan did not exhibit significant affinity for several non-5-HT receptors studied up to 100 microM. Almotriptan inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in HeLa cells transfected with 5-HT(1B) or 5-HT(1D) human receptors [1]. Almotriptan had a mild antiemetic effect and a slight, transient diuretic effect in dogs, although the latter effect is probably of no clinical relevance. In addition, no effect on the respiratory system of conscious guinea pigs was observed following almotriptan treatment. These results indicate that almotriptan has a favourable safety profile with respect to the central nervous, renal and respiratory systems [2].
Dexpramipexole(KNS-760704), also known as R-(+)-Pramipexole, is a neuroprotective agent and weak non-ergoline dopamine agonist. IC50 Value:Target: Dopamine ReceptorDexpramipexole has been found to have neuroprotective effects and is being investigated for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Dexpramipexole reduces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inhibits the activation of apoptotic pathways, and increase cell survival in response to a variety of neurotoxins and β-amyloid neurotoxicity. Compared to the S-(-) isomer, Dexpramipexole has much lower dopamine agonist activity.
HDAC1/MAO-B-IN-1 is a potent, selective and cross the blood-brain barrier HDAC1/MAO-B inhibitor with IC50 values of 21.4 nM and 99.0 nM for HDAC1 and MAO-B, respectively. HDAC1/MAO-B-IN-1 has the potential for the research of Alzheimer’s disease[1].
Isoimperatorin is a methanolic extract of the roots of Angelica dahurica shows significant inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with the IC50 of 74.6 μM.
Sarmazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist.
Solifenacin Succinate(YM905; Vesicare) is a muscarinic receptor antagonist.IC50 value:Target: muscarinic receptorSolifenacin succinate (YM905; Vesicare) is a prescription medication used to treat certain bladder problems.