Thevetiaflavone could upregulate the expression of Bcl‑2 and downregulate that of Bax and caspase‑3.
Combretastatin A4 is a microtubule-targeting agent that binds β-tubulin with Kd of 0.4 μM.
L-Gulono-1,4-lactone is a substrate of L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidoreductase, which catalyzes the last step of the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic (Vatamin) C. In other words, L-Gulono-1,4-lactone is a direct precursor of vitamin C in animals, in plants and in some protists.
Delta-Valerobetaine is a precursor of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO).
Ailanthone (Δ13-Dehydrochaparrinone) is a potent inhibitor of both full-length androgen receptor (AR) (IC50=69 nM) and constitutively active truncated AR splice variants (AR1-651 IC50=309 nM).
Magainin 1 is an antimicrobial peptide discovered in the skin of Xenopus laevis.
3-Nitro-L-tyrosine is a biomarker of nitrogen free radical species modified proteins in systemic autoimmunogenic conditions.
Toltrazuril is an antiprotozoal agent that acts upon Coccidia parasites.Target: AntiparasiticToltrazuril is an antiprotozoal agent that acts upon Coccidia parasites. Toltrazuril induces changes in the fine structure of coccidian development stages that are mainly due to a swelling of the endoplasmatic reticulum and of the Golgi apparatus and to abnormalities in the peri-nuclear space, disturbance in nuclear division. Treated with toltrazuril showed a considerably lower mean opg to that of group C (5.78 opg versus 144.62 opg) (p < 0.05) and a FOCR of 97.7 %. The higher efficacy (99.23 %) was observed at 15 days post treatment; however, the average efficacy of the drug remained extremely high (> 90 %) for all the study.
Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic for the treatment of multiple cancers. The possible mechanisms by which doxorubicin acts in the cancer cell are intercalation into DNA and disruption of topoisomerase-II-mediated DNA repair.
Tiglyl carnitine is found to be associated with celiac disease and mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a tumor marker in lung cancer.
Dimetridazole is a nitroimidazole class drug that combats protozoan infections.Target: AntiparasiticDimetridazole (DMZ) is a 5-nitroimidazole drug traditionally used for the prevention and treatment of histomoniasis in turkeys, trichomoniasis in pigeons, genital trichomoniasis in cattle and the prevention and treatment of haemorrhagic enteritis in pigs.
Guanosine is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond.
Argininic acid is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
L-Homocitrulline is metabolized to homoarginine through homoargininosuccinate via the urea cycle pathway and its metabolic abnormality could lead to Lysinuric Protein Intolerance (LPI).
(Z)-Hexadec-9-enoic acid, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats.
DPPC is a zwitterionic phosphoglyceride that can be used for the preparation of liposomal monolayers.
7-Methylguanine is a metabolite of DNA methylation. It can be generated by methylating agents, and used as a probe of protein–DNA interactions and a key component of DNA sequencing method.
Metoprolol (Toprol) is a selective β1 receptor blocker used in treatment of several diseases of the cardiovascular system, especially hypertension.IC50 value:Target: β1 receptor
DL-Arginine is used in physicochemical analysis of amino acid complexation dynamics and crystal structure formations.
H-Abu-OH, one of the three isomers of aminobutyric acid, is elevated in the plasma of children with with Reye's syndrome, tyrosinemia, homocystinuria, nonketotic hyperglycinemia, and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.
Squalamine(MSI-1256) is an aminosterol compound with potent broad spectrum antiviral activity.IC50 value: Target: in vitro: squalamine can strongly displace membrane-bound cationic proteins such as Rac1, a ρ-GTPase recruited to the inner leaflet of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic membrane for the actin remodeling necessary for endocytosis. At concentrations between 20 and 60 μg/mL, squalamine has been shown to inhibit a broad array of growth factor-induced, actin-dependent responses in endothelial cells, including cell migration, cell division, and vascular tube formation in a 3D matrix [1]. Squalamine effectively inhibited HBV replication in human primary hepatocytes when added either during the initial exposure of virus to the cells or at 24 h after infection. A similar study was performed to evaluate the effect of squalamine on the replication of HDV. Squalamine was introduced at 20 μg/mL during HDV exposure, and the effects were measured at day 7 when total RNA was extracted and assayed for HDV RNA sequences [1]. in vivo: one time daily treatment with squalamine (15 or 30 mg/kg per d s.c.) was started beginning on day 1 or 2 after viral administration and continuing until day 8 or 9, respectively. Survival was monitored, and animals that remained alive by day 21 were considered cured [1].
Actinomycin D inhibits DNA repair with an IC50 of 0.42 μM.
Squalamine lactate is an aminosterol compound discovered in the tissues of the dogfish shark, with antimicrobial activity, and used for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
L-Thyroxine (Levothyroxine; T4) is a synthetic hormone in the treatment of hypothyroidism. DIO enzymes convert biologically active thyroid hormone (Triiodothyronine,T3) from L-Thyroxine (T4).
5,6-Dihydrouridine is a modified base found in conserved positions in the D-loop of tRNA in Bacteria, Eukaryota, and some Archaea.
Ursocholic acid, a bile acid found predominantly in bile of mammals, is an inhibitor of 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α.