Tetramethylpyrazine (Ligustrazine), an alkylpyrazine isolated from Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan Xiong)[1], is present in french fries, bread, cooked meats, tea, cocoa, coffee, beer, spirits, peanuts, filberts, dairy products and soy products as fragrance and flavouring ingredienexhibits. Tetramethylpyrazine (Ligustrazine) also has potential nootropic and anti-inflammatory activities in rats[2][3].
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase is a key enzyme in purine metabolism, which is involved in the purine rescue pathway. The deficiency of Purine nucleoside phosphorylase resulted in impaired T cell function. In the presence of inorganic orthophosphate as the second substrate, Purine nucleoside phosphorylase catalyzes the breaking of the glycosidic bond between ribose and deoxyribonucleoside to generate purine base and ribose (deoxyribose) -1-phosphate[1].
Meclofenamic acid (Meclofenamate) sodium hydrate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Meclofenamic acid sodium hydrate is a highly selective FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) enzyme inhibitor. Meclofenamic acid sodium hydrate competes with FTO binding for the m(6)A-containing nucleic acid. Meclofenamic acid sodium hydrate is a non-selective gap-junction blocker. Meclofenamic acid sodium hydrate inhibits hKv2.1 and hKv1.1, with IC50 values of 56.0 and 155.9 μM, respectively[1][2][3][4].
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (4-10), human is a melanocortin 4 (MC4R) receptor agonist.
Glucagon receptor antagonists-1 is a highly potent glucagon receptor antagonist.
2-Furoic acid (Furan-2-carboxylic acid) is an organic compound produced through furfural oxidation[1]. 2-Furoic acid exhibits hypolipidemic effet, lowers both serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in rats[2].
SLC13A5-IN-1 is a selective sodium-citrate co-transporter (SLC13A5) inhibitor. SLC13A5-IN-1 completely blocks the uptake of 14C-citrate with an IC50 value of 0.022 μM in HepG2 cells. SLC13A5-IN-1 has the potential for the treatment of metabolic and/or cardiovascular diseases. SLC13A5-IN-1 is extracted from patent WO2018104220A1, Compound I-5[1].
Asimadoline (EMD-61753) hydrochloride is an orally active, selective and peripherally active κ-opioid agonist with IC50s of 5.6 nM (guinea pig) and 1.2 nM (human recombinant). Asimadoline hydrochloride has low permeability across the blood brain barrier and has peripheral anti-inflammatory actions. Asimadoline hydrochloride ameliorates allodynia in diabetic rats and has the potential for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)[1][2][3].
BMS-604992 (EX-1314) dihydrochloride is a selective, orally active small-molecule growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) agonist. BMS-604992 dihydrochloride demonstrates high-affinity binding (ki=2.3 nM) and potent functional activity (EC50=0.4 nM). BMS-604992 dihydrochloride can stimulate food intake in rodents[1].
L-Leucine-d3 is the deuterium labeled L-Leucine. L-Leucine is an essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), which activates the mTOR signaling pathway[1].
Oleic acid-13C (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid-13C) is the 13C labeled Oleic acid. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].
L-Ascorbic acid is an effective reducing agent and donor antioxidant.
Calcium L-Threonate is an anti-osteoporosis agent, and widely used as a calcium supplement[1]. Calcium L-Threonate also stimulates the uptake of ascorbic acid[2].
D-Tagatose-13C-1 is the 13C labeled D-Tagatose. D-Tagatose (D-(-)-Tagatose) is a rare monosaccharide found in nature with prebiotic characteristics. D-Tagatose is as a substitute for sucrose and a low-calorie sweetener in foodstuffs such as gum, fruit jui
Alogliptin benzoate(SYR 322) is a potent, selective inhibitor of DPP-4 with IC50 of <10 nM, exhibits greater than 10,000-fold selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9.IC50 value: <10 nMTarget: DPP4Alogliptin is an orally administered, anti-diabetic drug in the DPP-4 inhibitor class. A randomized clinical trial reporting in 2011 aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of alogliptin versus placebo and voglibose among newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients in Japan. The main outcome indicated that alogliptin was statistically superior to both comparitors. A randomized clinical trial reporting in 2012 aimed to demonstrate that alogliptin was "non-inferior" to a "very low fat/calorie traditional Japanese diet" among newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients in Japan. The outcome indicated that both the drug and dietary treatments comparably impacted indicators of the diabetic condition, such as HbA1c levels and glycemic efficacy. The drug treatment had its impact without changing body mass index (BMI), but the dietary treatment was accompanied by a significant reduction in the BMI…
(22S,23S)-Homobrassinolide is one of the most active brassinosteroids in inducing plant growth in various plant bioassay systems. (22S,23S)-Homobrassinolide shows Akt-dependent anabolic activity in rat skeletal muscle cells. Orally active[1].
GLP-1R agonist 12 (Compound 123) is an agonist of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors (GLP-1R). GLP-1R agonist 12 can be used for diabetes research[1].
Ganirelix is a competitive and selective gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist. Ganirelix prevents endogenous GnRH from inducing luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone relea[1].
Octacosanoic acid is a very long-chain saturated fatty acid. It is the major component of D-003, a mixture of very long-chain aliphatic acids purified from sugar cane wax that has antiplatelet and cholesterol-lowering activities in animal models[1].
AC-262536 is a selective and non-steroidal androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) with beneficial anabolic effects. AC-262536 exhibits potent agonist activity at the androgen receptor, with an affinity in the low nanomolar range (1-10 nM)[1].
Emiglitate (BAY o 1248) is a potent, selective and competitive inhibitor of α-glucoside hydrolase.
Palmitoyl dipeptide-7 is a bioactive peptide with anti-aging effects that has been reported for use as a cosmetic ingredient.
Spermidine-d6 is the deuterium labeled Spermidine[1]. Spermidine maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents[2].
Ac-β-Ala-OH (N-Acetyl-β-alanine), an abnormal amino acid metabolite, is a mono-N-protected amino acid (MPAA) ligand[1].
(+)-Magnoflorine (Magnoflorine) is an aporphine alkaloid found in Acoruscalamus, with anti-fungal activity, reduces the formation of C. albicans’ biofilm[1]. Anti-antidiabeticand anti-oxidative activity[2].
8-NH2-ATP, an inactive form of ATP, is produced by 8-NH2-Ado. 8-NH2-Ado is reported to be potent as shown by induction of apoptosis-related cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase[1][2].
3-Indolepropionic acid is shown to be a powerful antioxidant and has potential in the treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.
ADAMTS-5-IN-3 (Example 37-2) is a potent inhibitor of ADAMTS-5 and ADAMTS-4 with IC50s of 8 and 12 nM, respectively. ADAMTS-5-IN-3 can be used for the research of diseases involving degradation of cartilage or disruption of cartilage homeostasis, in particular osteoarthrosis and/or rheumatoid arthritis[1].
Glipizide(K 4024; CP 2872) is used to treat high blood sugar levels caused by a type of diabetes mellitus called type 2 diabetes.Target: Potassium ChannelGlipizide is an oral rapid- and short-acting anti-diabetic drug from the sulfonylurea class. It is classified as a second generation sulfonylurea, which means that it undergoes enterohepatic circulation. Mechanism of action is produced by blocking potassium channels in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. By partially blocking the potassium channels, the cell remains depolarized, increasing the time the cell spends in the calcium release stage, which results in signaling leading to calcium influx. The increase in calcium will initiate more insulin release from each beta cell. Sulfonylureas may also cause the decrease of serum glucagon and potentiate the action of insulin at the extrapancreatic tissues [1, 2].
2-Methylbenzoxazole is an endogenous metabolite.