Vanilpyruvic acid is a catecholamine metabolite and precursor to vanillactic acid.
Fenmetozole hydrochloride is an antagonist of ethanol, and also antagonizes α2-adrenergic receptor, which has antidepressant effect[1].
L-Linalool, a monoterpene with sedative and anxiolytic potential, has been used in Parkinson's disease research[1].
ZXH-4-130 TFA is a highly potent and selective degrader of CRBN. ZXH-4-130 is a CRBN-VHL compound (hetero-PROTAC)[1].
Efdamrofusp alfa is a bispecific fusion protein. Efdamrofusp alfa is capable of neutralizing both VEGF isoforms and C3b/C4b. Efdamrofusp alfa can be used for the research of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and other complement-related ocular conditions[1].
Esculentoside B (Phytolaccoside B) is a natural product from the roots of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. Esculentoside B is neurotoxic to zebrafish larvae, and impairs their central nervous system development. Esculentoside B inhibits inflammatory response and has antifungal activity[1][2][3].
Mazaticol is an anticholinergic agent. Mazaticol blocks the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and cholinergic nerve activity. Mazaticol is a potent 3H-QNB and 3H-PZ binding inhibitor, can bind to the M2 receptors with high affinity. Mazaticol exhibits inhibitory effects on dopamine uptake in the striatal nerve terminal. Mazaticol can be used for parkinsonian syndrome research[1][2].
TC-2559 fumarate is a potent and selective neuronal acetylcholine receptor agonist. TC-2559 fumarate is potent and efficacious in the activation of CNS receptors and reduces glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in vitro[1].
EN6 is a small-molecule in vivo activator of autophagy that covalently targets cysteine 277 in the ATP6V1A subunit of the lysosomal the vacuolar H+ ATPase (v-ATPase). EN6-mediated ATP6V1A modification decouples the v-ATPase from the Rags, leading to inhibition of mTORC1 signaling, increased lysosomal acidification and activation of autophagy. EN6 clears TDP-43 aggregates, a causative agent in frontotemporal dementia, in a lysosome-dependent manner[1].
Tiapride hydrochloride is a drug that selectively blocks D2 and D3 dopamine receptors in the brain. It is used to treat a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders including dyskinesia, alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
Ropivacaine mesylate is an aminoamide compound, effectively blocks neuropathic pain. Ropivacaine mesylate is an inhibitor of K2P (two-pore domain potassium channel) TREK-1 with an IC50 of 402.7 μM in COS-7 cell's membrane. Ropivacaine mesylate inhibits pressure-induces lung endothelial hyperpermeability in models of acute hypertension[1][2].
Eledoisin Related Peptide is a Substance P analog that excites neurons and triggers behavioral responses. Eledoisin Related Peptide is also a tachykinin receptor ligand.
1'-Hydroxymidazolam-d4 is the deuterium labeled 1'-Hydroxymidazolam. 1'-Hydroxymidazolam is a primary active metabolite of Midazolam, and it is a neuronal depressant agent. 1'-Hydroxymidazolam could inhibit neuronal activity add to the effects of Midazolam[1][2].
Nicotelline (Nicotellin) is a nicotine-related alkaloid, as well as a weak inhibitor of human cDNA-expressed cytochrome P-450 2A6 (CYP2A6). CYP2A6 mediates coumarin 7-hydroxylation, while Nicotelline fails to exhibit inhibition at 300 μM. Nicotelline can be used as a tracer and biomarker of particulate matter (PM) derived from tobacco smoke[1][2].
2-Hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoic acid can be used for the determination of acetylsalicylic acid and its major metabolite, salicylic acid, in animal plasma. 2-Hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoic acid exhibits significant analgesic effects[1][2].
Velmanase alfa is a recombinant form of alpha-mannosidase. Velmanase alfa has the potential for non-neurologic manifestations of mild to moderate alpha-mannosidosis (AM) research[1].
CB1 agonist 1 (compound 22) is an agonist of CB1. CB1 agonist 1 shows affinity to CB1 receptor with an pIC50 value of 5.7. CB1 agonist 1 can be used for the research of brain disorders[1].
Glycine-d2,15N is the deuterium and 15N-labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.
α-Synuclein 4554W is an inhibitor of α-Synuclein (aSyn) aggregation with associated toxicity. α-Synuclein 4554W consists of GIVNGVKA sequences, previously identified through intracellular library screening. α-Synuclein 4554W reduces fibril formation of aSyn mutants assocaited with Parkinson’s disease[1].
(Pyr3)-Amyloid β-Protein (3-42) is the predominant amyloid β-peptide structure deposited in human brain of Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome patients. (Pyr3)-Amyloid β-Protein (3-42) is suggested to accumulate in the brain and to trigger the formation of insoluble amyloid β-peptide deposits[1].
L-Tyrosine-3,5-13C2 is the 13C-labeled L-Tyrosine. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex.
Neopanaxadiol, an aglycone of protopanaxadiol type ginsenosides, has the potential for Alzheimer's disease research[1].
Deltaline is a diterpenoid alkaloid and isolated from plants of the genus Delphinium delavayi Franch. Deltaline itself has analgesic properties, and plants of the genus Delphinium delavayi Franch have also been therapeutically used to treat rheumaticpain, paralysis due to stroke, rheumatoid arthritis[1].
LP-935509 is a small-molecule adapter protein-2 associated kinase 1 (AAK1) selective and brain-penetrantinhibitor (IC50=3.3 nM), a ATP-competitive inhibitor with a Ki of 0.9 nM. LP-935509 is a potent inhibitor of BIKE (IC50=14 nM) and a modest inhibitor of GAK (IC50=320 nM). LP-935509 is highly brain-penetrant and reverses fully established pain behavior following the SNL procedure[1].
ARN25068 is a sub-micromolar inhibitor of the three protein kinases, GSK-3β, FYN and DYRK1A to tackle tau hyperphosphorylation[1].
Tianeptine is a selective facilitator of 5-HT uptake in vitro and in vivo. IC50 Value: N/ATarget: 5-HT ReceptorTianeptine has no affinity for a wide range of receptors, including 5-HT and dopamine (IC50 > 10 μM) and has no effect on noradrenalin or dopamine uptake. Antidepressant, analgesic and neuroprotective following systemic administration in vivo.
VU0424465 is a potent and partial PAM (positive allosteric modulator)-agonist for mGlu5 mediated iCa2+ mobilization. VU0424465 exhibits high affinity at MPEP allosteric binding site, with a Ki value of 11.8 nM. VU0424465 is also a agonist for pERK1/2 in cortical neurons[1][2].
Velnacrine maleate (HP 029) is an orally active cholinesterase inhibitor that can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease[1].
[(pF)Phe4]Nociceptin(1-13)NH2 is a highly potent and selective NOP (OP4) agonists, with a pKi of 10.68 and a pEC50 of 9.31. [(pF)Phe4]Nociceptin(1-13)NH2 displays high selectivity over δ, κ, and μ opioid receptors (>3000 fold)[1][2].
L-Adenosine is a metabolically stable enantiomeric analog and also is a potential probe. L-Adenosine has weakly inhibitory adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity with an Ki value of 385 μM. L-Adenosine can be used for the research of adenosine uptake and accumulation[1].