Ureidopropionic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of uracil.
Valproic acid is an HDAC inhibitor, with IC50 in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC50, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2; Valproic acid sodium salt is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and prevention of migraine headaches.
(S)-3,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid is a normal human urinary metabolite that is excreted in increased concentration in patients with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency.
Cinnamic acid has potential use in cancer intervention, with IC50s of 1-4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells.
Pimelic acid is the organic compound and its derivatives are involved in the biosynthesis of the amino acid called lysine.
Pregnenolone monosulfate acts as a signaling-specific inhibitor of cannabinoid CB1 receptor, reduces several effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
Adenosine 5'-diphosphate is a nucleoside diphosphate. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases.
3-Hydroxyhippuric acid is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids.
3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid is a precursor of pantothenic acid in Escherichia coli.
Terephthalic acid is one isomer of the three phthalic, a precursor to the polyester PET, used to make clothing and plastic bottles.
3-Hydroxyvaleric acid is a 5-carbon ketone body. 3-Hydroxyvaleric acid is anaplerotic, meaning it can refill the pool of TCA cycle intermediates.
Decanoic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.
2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acetic acid is a plasma metabolite, with high sensitivity and specificity value as a biomarker for discriminating between NSCLC and healthy controls.
23-hydroxybetulinic acid is one of the bioactive components responsible for its anticancer activity.In vitro: 23-hydroxybetulinic acid also shows different proliferation inhibitory activity against B16, HeLa, and HUVEC, with the IC50 value of 78.5, 80, and 94.8 uM, respectively. 23-hydroxybetulinic acid can promote cell cycle arrest at S phase and induce apoptosis via intrinsic pathway. 23-hydroxybetulinic acid disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential significantly (p<0.01) and selectively downregulates the levels of Bcl-2, survivin and upregulates Bax, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-9 23-hydroxybetulinic acid can induce apoptosis in K562 cells. [1] 23-hydroxybetulinic acid enhances sensitivity of doxorubicin (DOX, ADR) on MCF-7/ADR cell lines, indicating its potential to be developed as a novel MDR modulator.[2] 23-HBA significantly improve the sensitivity of the tumor to doxorubicin. [3]
All-trans-retinal is a one of the major vitamin A metabolites in the retina. In physiological conditions, all-trans-RAL is regenerated to the visual chromophore, 11-cis-retinal.
L-Lactic acid is a buildiing block which can be used as a precursor for the production of the bioplastic polymer poly-lactic acid.
6-Acetamidohexanoic acid is a pharmaceutical intermediate
Linoleic acid is a critical component of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 generation, respectively.
N-Methylsarcosine is an amino acid building block for protein, found in a small amount in the body.
Isospaglumic acid is a neuropeptide found in millimolar concentrations in brain.
Ethylmalonic acid is non-carcinogenic potentially toxic and associated with anorexia nervosa and malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency.
Ibotenic acid has agonist activity at both the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and trans-ACPD or metabolotropic quisqualate (Qm) receptor sites.
Levulinic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of biofuels, such as ethyl levulinate.
Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
Palmitelaidic acid is the trans isomer of palmitoleic acid. Palmitoleic acid is one of the most abundant fatty acids in serum and tissue.
3b-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid is a monohydroxy bile acid of endogenous origin and could be found in children with the syndrome of hepatic ductular hypoplasia.
Indolelactic acid is a tryptophan (Trp) catabolite in Azotobacter vinelandii cultures.