Famitinib (SHR1020), an orally active multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, inhibits the activity of c-kit, VEGFR-2 and PDGFRβ with IC50 values of 2.3 nM, 4.7 nM and 6.6 nM, respectively[1]. Famitinib exerts powerful antitumor activity in human gastric cancer cells and xenografts.Famitinib triggers apoptosis[2].
Verrucarin A (Muconomycin A), a Type D macrocyclic mycotoxin derived from the pathogen fungus Myrothecium verrucaria, is an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Verrucarin A inhibits growth of leukemia cell lines and activates caspases and apoptosis and inflammatory signaling in macrophages. VA effectively increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and diminished the phosphorylation of ERK/Akt. VA caused cell cycle deregulation through the induction of p21 and p53[1][2].
Osajin is the major bioactive isoflavone present in the fruit of Maclura pomifera with antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Metallo-β-lactamase-IN-5 (compound 5c) is a potent metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) inhibitor. Metallo-β-lactamase-IN-5 shows inhibitory activity against MBLs NDM-1 and VIM-1. Metallo-β-lactamase-IN-5 inhibits HUVECs with an IC50 of 45 μg/mL. Metallo-β-lactamase-IN-5 plus Imipenem exhibits synergistic antimicrobial activity[1].
Sarmentosin is an activator of Nrf2. Sarmentosin inhibits mTOR signaling and induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis in human HCC cells[1].
Cystamine (dihydrochloride) is the disulfide form of the free thiol, cysteamine. Cystamine is an orally active transglutaminase (Tgase) inhibitor. Cystamine also has inhibition activity for caspase-3 with an IC50 value of 23.6 μM. Cystamine can be used for the research of severals diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) [1][2][3].
Tubulin polymerization-IN-14 (Compound 20a) is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.15 μM. Tubulin polymerization-IN-14 shows potent anti-vascular and anticancer activities, induces cancer cell apoptosis[1].
AQX-435 is a potent SHIP1 activator. AQX-435 reduces PI3K activation downstream of the B-cell receptor (BCR) and induces apoptosis of malignant B cells, and reduces lymphoma growth[1].
Furanodienone is one of the major bioactive constituents derived from Rhizoma Curcumae. Furanodienone induced apoptosis[1].
Ponicidin (Rubescensine B) is a diterpenoid derived from Rabdosia rubescens, and exhibits immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-cancer activity. Ponicidin (Rubescensine B) induces apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cell, decreases the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3, and shows no effect on protein levels of JAK2 and STAT3[1].
Apiole is an anti-tumor agent that induces apoptosis and inhibits human colon cancer cells by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Apiole also significantly inhibited colon tumor development in an in vivo mouse xenograft model[1][2].
API-1, a potent Akt/PKB inhibitor, binds to the PH domain and inhibits Akt membrane translocation. API-1 efficiently reduces the phosphorylation levels of Akt with an IC50 of ∼0.8 μM. API-1 is selective for PKB and does not inhibit the activation of PKC, and PKA. API-1 also induces apoptosis by synergizing with TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)[1][2].
ALK-IN-22 (compound I-24) is a potent ALK inhibitor with IC50 values of 2.3, 3.7 and 2.9 nM for ALK, ALKL1196M and ALKG1202R, respectively. ALK-IN-22 down-regulated the phosphorylation of ALK and its downstream proteins. ALK-IN-22 induces apoptosis. ALK-IN-22 can be used for tumor research[1].
Lorlatinib-d3 is the deuterium labeled Lorlatinib. Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) is a selective, orally active, brain-penetrant and ATP-competitive ROS1/ALK inhibitor. Lorlatinib has Kis of <0.025 nM, <0.07 nM, and 0.7 nM for ROS1, wild type ALK, and ALKL1196M
Artonin E (5'-Hydroxymorusin) is a known prenylated flavonoid that induces apoptosis and arrests the cell cycle in S phase. Artonin E can induce anti-proliferative effects through mitochondrial pathway dysregulation and can be used in cancer research[1].
Lactacystin, an antibiotic Streptomyces spp. metabolite, is a potent and selective proteasome inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.8 μM for 20S proteasome. Lactacystin also inhibits the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin A[1]. Lactacystin inhibits cell growth and induces neurite outgrowth[2].
Thrombospondin-1 (1016-1023) (human, bovine, mouse), is the C-terminal end of the native sequence of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), is a CD47 agonist peptide[1].
Borrelidin (Treponemycin) is a nitrile-containing macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces rochei, which acts as an inhibitor of bacterial and eukaryal threonyl-tRNA synthetase, can target ALL cell lines by inducing apoptosis and mediating G(1) arrest. Borrelidin (Treponemycin) is an inhibitor of a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) of the budding yeast, Cdc28/Cln2 with an IC50 of 24 μM. Borrelidin (Treponemycin) is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.8 nM for capillary tube formation, and induces apoptosis of the tube-forming cells. Borrelidin (Treponemycin) has strong antimalarial activities, with IC50s of 1.9 nM and 1.8 nM against K1 and FCR3 strains of Plasmodium falciparum[1][2][3].
Verubulin (MPC-6827) is a microtubule-disrupting agent with potent and broad-spectrum in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activities, and acts as a promising candidate for the treatment of multiple cancer types[1].
Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (Chenodeoxycholylglycine sodium salt) is a bile acid formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (Chenodeoxycholylglycine sodium salt) induces hepatocyte apoptosis[1][2].
Niraparib (MK-4827) tosylate hydrate is a highly potent and orally bioavailable PARP1 and PARP2 inhibitor with IC50s of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively. Niraparib tosylate hydrate leads to inhibition of repair of DNA damage, activates apoptosis and shows anti-tumor activity[1][2][3].
YL5084, a covalent JNK inhibitor, exhibits selectivity for JNK2 and JNK3 over JNK1 with IC50s of 70 nM, 84 nM and 2173 nM, respectively. YL5084 exhibits JNK2-independent antiproliferative effects and induces apoptosis in a JNK2-independent manner[1].
CCT018159, a 3,4-diaryl pyrazoleresorcinol, is a ATP-competitive HSP90 ATPase activity inhibitor with IC50s of 3.2 and 6.6 µM for human Hsp90β and yeast Hsp90, respectively. CCT018159 caused cell cytostasis associated with a G1 arrest and induces apoptosis. CCT018159 inhibits key endothelial and tumor cell functions implicated in invasion and angiogenesis[1].
Curcumin 5-8 (CUR5-8) is a potent and orally active naturally active curcumin (CUR) analog. Curcumin 5-8 inhibits lipid droplet formation. Curcumin 5-8 increases autophagy and inhibits Apoptosis. Curcumin 5-8 improves insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity[1].
Antitumor agent-115 (SS-12) is an effective anti-tumor compound with an IC50 value of 0.34 μM-24.14 μM for cell line 4T1. Antitumor agent-115 can block the cell cycle of mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1, reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential, and induce apoptosis, and the IC50 value is 8-25 μmol/L for cell viability. Antitumor agent-115 can be used for breast cancer research[1].
Cl-amidine TFA is an orally active peptidylarginine deminase (PAD) inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.8 μM, 6.2 μM and 5.9 μM for PAD1, PAD3, and PAD4, respectively. Cl-amidine TFA induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Cl-amidine TFA induces microRNA (miR)-16 expression and causes cell cycle arrest. Cl-Amidine TFA prevents histone 3 citrullination and neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and improves survival in a murine sepsis model[1][2][3][4][5].
Artemisitene, a natural derivative of Artemisinin, is a Nrf2 activator with antioxidant and anticancer activities. Artemisitene activates Nrf2 by decreasing Nrf2 ubiquitination and increasing its stability[1][2].
Tubulysin M is a highly cytotoxic peptide isolated from the myxobacterial species Archangium geophyra and Angiococcus disciformis[1]. Tubulysin displays extremely potent cytotoxic activity in mammalian cells, including multidrug-resistant cell lines, with IC50 values in the lower nanomolar range[2]. Tubulysin M is a cytotoxic activity tubulysin which inhibits tubulin polymerization and leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis[3].
Cinnabarinic acid is a specific orthosteric agonist of mGlu4 by interacting with residues of the glutamate binding pocket of mGlu4, has no activity at other mGlu receptors. Cinnabarinic acid is an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan. Cinnabarinic acid induces cell apoptosis[1].
Calcimycin hemicalcium salt (A-23187 hemicalcium salt) is an antibiotic and a unique divalent cation ionophore (like calcium and magnesium). Calcimycin hemicalcium salt induces Ca2+-dependent cell death by increasing intracellular calcium concentration. Calcimycin hemicalcium salt inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and some fungi. Calcimycin hemicalcium salt also inhibits the activity of ATPase and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation of mammalian cells. Calcimycin hemicalcium salt induces apoptosis[1][2][3][4].