The cytoskeleton is a filamentous network of F-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments (IFs) composed of one of three chemically distinct subunits, actin, tubulin, or one of several classes of IF protein. Cytoskeleton not only helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization, but also provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement.

The cytoskeleton is involved in intracellular signal transduction at least two ways. First, individual proteins of the cytoskeleton might participate directly in signal transduction by linking two or more signaling proteins. Second, the cytoskeleton might provide a macromolecular scaffold, which spatially organizes components of a signal transduction cascade. Cell migration is a complex and multistep process involved in homeostasis maintenance, morphogenesis, and disease development, such as cancer metastasis, and requires coordination of cytoskeletal dynamics and reorganization, cell adhesion, and signal transduction, and takes a variety of forms. Many signaling pathways including Rho-family GTPases, Paxillin/FAK signaling and PI3K signaling is involved in the process by regulating cytoskeletal activity.

Since the cytoskeleton is involved in virtually all cellular processes, abnormalities in this essential cellular component frequently result in disease. Drugs that modulate microtubule stability, inhibitors of posttranslational modifications of cytoskeletal components, specifically compounds affecting the levels of tubulin acetylation, and compounds targeting signaling molecules which regulate cytoskeleton dynamics, constitute the mostly addressed therapeutic interventions for the diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

References:
[1] Janmey PA. Physiol Rev. 1998 Jul;78(3):763-81.
[2] Forgacs G, et al. J Cell Sci. 2004 Jun 1;117(Pt 13):2769-75.
[3] Eira J, et al. . Prog Neurobiol. 2016 Jun;141:61-82.


Anti-infection >
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15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
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CK 666

CK-666 is a cell-permeable inhibitor of actin-related protein Arp2/3 complex, and binds to Arp2/3 complex, stabilizes the inactive state of the complex, blocking movement of the Arp2 and Arp3 subunits into the activated filament-like (short pitch) conformation[1].

  • CAS Number: 442633-00-3
  • MF: C18H17FN2O
  • MW: 296.33900
  • Catalog: Arp2/3 Complex
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PVZB-1194

PVZB-1194 is a bis(hetero)aryl derivative that inhibits kinesin spindle protein (KSP) ATPase witn IC50 of 0.12 uM; inhibits HeLa cell proliferation with IC50 of 5.5 uM; potently inhibits KSP in a microruble dependent manner and induces a monoastral phenotype to arrest mitotic progression, abnormal KSP localization.

  • CAS Number: 1141768-04-8
  • MF: C13H9F4NO2S
  • MW: 319.275
  • Catalog: Kinesin
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 417.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 206.0±31.5 °C

K34c

K34c is a potent and selective α5β1 integrin antagonist. K34c can be used for glioblastoma research[1].

  • CAS Number: 939769-93-4
  • MF: C26H29N3O4
  • MW: 447.53
  • Catalog: Integrin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tubulin polymerization-IN-16

Tubulin polymerization-IN-16 (compound 5g) is a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. Tubulin polymerization-IN-16 shows most potent against cancer cells, with IC50 values of 0.084-0.221 μM. Tubulin polymerization-IN-16 potently disrupts microtubule/tubulin dynamics, induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in SGC-7901 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2296731-38-7
  • MF: C24H27N5O5
  • MW: 465.50
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Vinflunine

Vinflunine is a new vinca alkaloid uniquely fluorinated with the properties of mitotic-arresting and tubulin-interacting activity.Target: Microtubule/TubulinThe major effects of Vinflunine on dynamic instability are a slowing of the microtubule growth rate, an increase in growth duration, and a reduction in shortening duration. The effects of Vinflunine on the readmilling rate is examined by following [3H]GTP incorporation into MAP-rich microtubules, and the IC50 is 0.42 μM [1]. Vinflunine induced mitotic accumulation with IC50 with 18.8 nM, which decreases the centromere dynamicity by 44% and increases the time centromeres spent ina paused state by 63% [2]. Treatment of Vinflunine induces a rapid change in endothelial cell shape: cells retracts and assumes a rounded morphology. Mean IC50 values are 9.9 × 10-5 M × 10-5 M for fibronectin and 5.0× 10-5 M × 10-5 M for type IV collagen. A short 4 hours exposure of endothelial cells to Vinflunine at 10-8 0.05). An ID50 value (dose which inhibits 50% of bFGF-induced neovascularisation) is calculated as 1 mg/kg. Low doses of Vinflunine reduce the number of experimental liver metastases by human LS174T colon cancer cell. A slight overall decrease in liver metastatic foci is already observed at the very low dose of 0.16 mg/kg Vinflunine, although maximal overall inhibition is reached at the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of 20 mg/kg [3].

  • CAS Number: 162652-95-1
  • MF: C45H54F2N4O8
  • MW: 816.92900
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: 1.39 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

IPA-3

IPA-3 is a selective non-ATP competitive PAK1 inhibitor with IC50 of 2.5 μM, and shows no inhibition to group II PAKs (PAKs 4-6).

  • CAS Number: 42521-82-4
  • MF: C20H14O2S2
  • MW: 350.454
  • Catalog: PAK
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 543.7±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 172℃
  • Flash Point: 263.4±24.7 °C

MLCK inhibitor peptide 18

MLCK inhibitor peptide 18 is a myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor with an IC50 of 50 nM, and inhibits CaM kinase II only at 4000-fold higher concentrations.

  • CAS Number: 224579-74-2
  • MF: C60H105N23O11
  • MW: 1324.62000
  • Catalog: Peptides
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Mesalamine impurity P

Mesalamine impurity P is an impurity of Mesalamine (HY-15027). 5-Aminosalicylic acid (Mesalamine) acts as a specific PPARγ agonist and also inhibits p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and NF-κB[1].

  • CAS Number: 887256-40-8
  • MF: C13H11NO6S
  • MW: 309.294
  • Catalog: PAK
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

7-Epi-docetaxel

7-Epi-10-oxo-docetaxel (Docetaxel Impurity C; 7-Epitaxotere) is a impurity of docetaxel.

  • CAS Number: 153381-68-1
  • MF: C43H53NO14
  • MW: 807.87900
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MKC-1

MKC-1 (Ro-31-7453) is an orally active and potent cell cycle inhibitor with broad antitumor activity. MKC-1 inhibits the Akt/mTOR pathway. MKC-1 arrests cellular mitosis and induces cell apoptosis by binding to a number of different cellular proteins including tubulin and members of the importin β family[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 125313-92-0
  • MF: C22H16N4O4
  • MW: 400.38700
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH-13C6,15N2

Fmoc-L-Lys (Boc)-OH-13C6,15N2 is a 15N-labeled and 13C-labled Triclabendazole.

  • CAS Number: 850080-89-6
  • MF: C2013C6H3215N2O6
  • MW: 476.48
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Monastrol

(S)-Monastrol ((+)-Monastrol) is an allosteric inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 that exhibits an antiproliferative effect against several cancer cell lines. (S)-Monastrol arrests mammalian cells in mitosis with monopolar spindles[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 254753-54-3
  • MF: C14H16N2O3S
  • MW: 292.35
  • Catalog: Kinesin
  • Density: 1.34g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 441.3ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 185-185.9ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 220.7ºC

Tirofiban-d9 hydrochloride

Tirofiban-d9 (L700462-d9) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Tirofiban. Tirofiban(L700462) is a potent non-peptide, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (integrins alphaIIbbetaIII) antagonist[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1331911-68-2
  • MF: C22H28ClD9N2O5S
  • MW: 486.11300
  • Catalog: Integrin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MMAF sodium

MMAF sodium (Monomethylauristatin F sodium) is an antitubulin agent that inhibit cell division; attenuates its cytotoxic activity compared to MMAE. MMAF sodium is widely used as a cytotoxic component of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) to treat several different cancer types.

  • CAS Number: 1799706-65-2
  • MF: C39H64N5NaO8
  • MW: 753.94
  • Catalog: ADC Cytotoxin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PI3K/AKT-IN-2

PI3K/AKT-IN-2 (Compound 12c) is a PI3K and AKT inhibitor. PI3K/AKT-IN-2 blocks the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induces apoptosis. PI3K/AKT-IN-2 inhibits the polymerization of tubulin[1].

  • CAS Number: 2684412-41-5
  • MF: C32H27BrO10
  • MW: 651.45
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

THYMOSIN BETA4 (16-38)

16-38-Thymosin β4 (cattle) is a Ca2+-independent MLCK activator with high affinity.

  • CAS Number: 113318-05-1
  • MF: C118H204N32O41
  • MW: 2727.072
  • Catalog: Myosin
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 2127.1±75.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 1240.2±37.1 °C

Cephalomannine

Cephalomannine is a taxol derivative with antitumor, antiproliferative properties. IC50 value:Target: Cephalomannine is an active anti-cancer agent obtained from Taxus yunnanensis and has an antineoplastic effect on tumors found in mice. Cephalomannine is a chemotherapy drug that is given as a treatment for some types of cancer. Cephalomannine is most commonly used to treat non-small cell lung cancer.

  • CAS Number: 71610-00-9
  • MF: C45H53NO14
  • MW: 831.901
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 929.5±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 139-141ºC
  • Flash Point: 516.0±34.3 °C

Tubulin polymerization-IN-47

Tubulin polymerization-IN-47 (Compound 4h) is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor and mitotic inhibitor. Tubulin polymerization-IN-47 inhibits neuroblastoma cancer cell proliferation, with IC50s of 7 and 12 nM for Chp-134 and Kelly cell line[1].

  • CAS Number: 2834087-62-4
  • MF: C22H21N3O3
  • MW: 375.42
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Aza197

AZA197 is a selective small molecule inhibitor of Cdc42.AZA197 suppresses colon cancer cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion and increases apoptosis by down-regulating the PAK1 and ERK signaling pathways in vitro. AZA197 reduces tumor growth and significantly increases mouse survival in SW620 tumor xenografts[1].

  • CAS Number: 1249398-09-1
  • MF: C24H36N6
  • MW: 408.58
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Valecobulin

Valecobulin (CKD516), a valine prodrug of (S516) and a vascular disrupting agent (VDA), is a potent beta-tubulin polymerization inhibitor with marked antitumor activity against murine and human solid tumors[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1188371-47-2
  • MF: C26H28N6O5S
  • MW: 536.60300
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PF-06380101

PF-06380101 is a novel cytotoxic Dolastatin 10 analogue; with excellent potencies in tumor cell proliferation assays and differential ADME properties when compared to other synthetic auristatin analogues that are used in the preparation of ADCs.IC50 value: ~0.2 nM(GI50 in BT474, MDA-MB-361-DYT2 and N87 cell line) [1]Target: ADCs cytotoxin; tubulin inhibitorAfter an IV dose of 20a at 20 μg/kg to Wistar Han rats, PF-06380101 exhibited a mean systemic clearance (Cl) of 70 mL/min/kg and a volume of distribution (Vss) of 14.70 L/kg, resulting in a terminal elimination half-life (t1/2) of approximately 6 h. PF-06380101 preferentially distributes into human plasma relative to whole blood and that PF-06380101 is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate. PF-06380101 is anticipated to be of low risk to perpetrate pharmacokinetic drug interactions with compounds for which CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and/or CYP3A4/5-mediated metabolism constitutes the primary mechanism of clearance. The utility of the new auristatin analogues as ADC payloads including the development of the lead analogue 20a (PF-06380101) will be reported in due course.

  • CAS Number: 1436391-86-4
  • MF: C39H62N6O6S
  • MW: 743.011
  • Catalog: ADC Cytotoxin
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 903.1±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 500.0±34.3 °C

c(phg-isoDGR-(NMe)k)

c(phg-isoD-G-R-(NMe)k) is a selective α5β1 integrin ligand with an IC50 of 2.9 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1844830-65-4
  • MF: C27H41N9O7
  • MW: 603.67
  • Catalog: Integrin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

OXi4503

Combretastatin A-1 phosphate (OXi-4503) tetrasodium, a prodrug of Combretastatin A-1, is a microtubule polymerization inhibitor that binds to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. Combretastatin A-1 phosphate tetrasodium inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through tubulin depolymerization mediated AKT deactivation. Combretastatin A-1 phosphate tetrasodium exhibits anti-tumor and anti-vascular effects[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 288847-34-7
  • MF: C18H18Na4O12P2
  • MW: 580.23500
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 766.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 417.3ºC

Alicaforsen sodium

Alicaforsen sodium?is a 20-base antisense oligonucleotide inhibiting ICAM-1 production, which is an important adhesion molecule involved in leukocyte migration and trafficking to the site of inflammation.

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

levocabastine

Levocabastine (R 50547) is a potent and selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Levocabastine hydrochloride is also a selective, high affinity neurotensin receptor subtype 2 (NTR2) antagonist, with a Ki of 17 nM for mNTR2. Levocabastine can act as a VLA-4 antagonist, interferes with conjunctival eosinophil infiltration in allergic conjunctivitis (AC)[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 79516-68-0
  • MF: C26H29FN2O2
  • MW: 420.51900
  • Catalog: Integrin
  • Density: 1.23 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 589.9ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 310.5ºC

Estramustine phosphate sodium

Estramustine phosphate sodium is an antimicrotubule chemotherapy agent; arrests prostate cancer cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.

  • CAS Number: 52205-73-9
  • MF: C23H30Cl2NNa2O6P
  • MW: 564.347
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: 1.253g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 565.8ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 296ºC

PAK4-IN-1

PAK4-IN-1 (Compound 19) is a potent, selective, orally active PAK4 inhibitor with robust anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. PAK4-IN-1 is stable under both acidic and neutral conditions[1].

  • CAS Number: 2396529-58-9
  • MF: C26H30ClN7O5
  • MW: 556.01
  • Catalog: PAK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SR31527

SR31527 is a novel allosteric Kinesin-like protein KIFC1 inhibitor that inhibits microtubule-stimulated KIFC1 ATPase activity with IC50 of 6.6 uM, binds directly to KIFC1 with Kd of 25.4 nM; prevents bipolar clustering of extra centrosomes in TNBC cells and significantly reducesTNBC cell colony formation and viability (MDA-MB-231, BT549 and MDA-MB-435s cells IC50=20-30 uM), with less toxicity to normal fibroblasts.

  • CAS Number: 311814-78-5
  • MF: C15H14ClN3OS
  • MW: 319.807
  • Catalog: Kinesin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CFI-402257 hydrochloride

CFI-402257 hydrochloride is a highly selective and orally bioavailable TTK/Mps1 inhibitor with an IC50s of 1.7 nM for TTK in vitro. CFI-402257 hydrochloride has anti-cancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 1610677-37-6
  • MF: C28H31ClN6O3
  • MW: 535.04
  • Catalog: Mps1
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

1-bromo-2-(2-bromophenyl)disulfanyl-benzene

Tubulin inhibitor 28 (compound 2g) is a potent tubulin inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.2 µM. Tubulin inhibitor 28 shows anti-proliferative activity for MCF-7 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 71112-91-9
  • MF: C12H8Br2S2
  • MW: 376.13000
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: 1.83g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 386.9ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 187.8ºC