ICI 199441 is a potent and selective κ-opioid receptor agonist. ICI 199441 can improve heart resistance to ischemia/reperfusion[1].
ZP 120C is a potent and partial ORL1 receptor agonist. ZP 120C inhibits electrically induced contraction. ZP 120C can be used in the research of hyponatremia/hypokalemia[1][3].
ORL1 antagonist 1 is an opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1) antagonist with an IC50 of 61 nM.
6β-Naltrexol (6β-Hydroxynaltrexone), the primary metabolite of Naltrexone, is a peripherally selective opioid antagonist. 6β-Naltrexol selectively inhibits gastrointestinal opioid effects in human subjects and inhibits Morphine-induced slowing of gastrointestinal transit[1].
Cebranopadol is an analgesic NOP and opioid receptor agonist with Kis/EC50s of 0.9 nM/13 nM, 0.7 nM/1.2 nM, 2.6 nM/17 nM, 18 nM/110 nM for human NOP, MOP, KOP and delta-opioid peptide (DOP) receptor, respectively.
Bilaid C, a tetrapeptide, can be isolated from the Australian estuarine isolate of Penicillium sp. MST-MF667. Bilaid C is also a potent and selective μ-Opioid Receptor (MOPr) agonist (Ki=210 nM, hMOPr)[1].
MT-7716 hydrochloride (W-212393 hydrochloride) is a selective non-peptide nociceptin receptor (NOP) agonist and promising potential treatment drug for alcohol abuse and relapse prevention[1].
PL-017 is a potent and selective μ opioid receptor agonist with an IC50 of 5.5 nM for 125I-FK 33,824 binding to μ site. PL-017 produces long-lasting, reversible analgesia in rats[1].
Alvimopan monohydrate is a peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor (PAM-OR, IC50= 1.7 nM) antagonist for accelerating gastrointestinal recovery after surgery. IC50 Value: 1.7 nM (Mu-type opioid receptor) [1]in vitro: The dissociation rate of alvimopan from the micro opioid receptor (t(1/2)=30--44 min) was comparable to that of the long acting partial agonist buprenorphine (t(1/2)=44 min), but was slower than those of the antagonists naloxone (t(1/2)=0.82 min) and N-methylnaltrexone (t(1/2)=0.46 min) [2].in vivo: Alvimopan did not significantly accelerate GI-3 compared with placebo [6 mg: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.20, p = 0.080; 12 mg: HR = 1.24, p = 0.038). However, after adjustment for significant covariates (sex/surgical duration), benefits were significant for both doses (6 mg: HR = 1.24, p = 0.037; 12 mg: HR = 1.26, p = 0.028). Alvimopan also significantly accelerated time to GI-2 (6 mg: HR = 1.37, p = 0.008; 12 mg: HR = 1.33, p = 0.018) and DCO (6 mg: HR = 1.31, p = 0.008; 12 mg: HR = 1.28, p = 0.015) [3]. Alvimopan (1 and 3 mg/kg) significantly reversed this delayed GI transit when administered 45 min prior to surgery. However, the effects of alvimopan were less pronounced when administered following surgery [4].Toxicity:The most common treatment-emergent adverse events across all treatment groups were nausea, vomiting, and hypotension; the incidence of nausea and vomiting was reduced by 53 percent in thealvimopan 12-mg group [5].Clinical trial: Intercostal Nerve Block With Liposome Bupivacaine in Subjects Undergoing Posterolateral Thoracotomy. Phase 3
6'-GNTI dihydrochloride, a κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, displays bias toward the activation of G protein-mediated signaling over β-arrestin2 recruitment. 6'-GNTI 6'-GNTI dihydrochloride only activates the Akt pathway in striatal neurons[1].
Valorphin is an endogenous hemoglobin β-chain (33-39) fragment with opioid analgesic activity, binds to rat mu-opioid receptor, with an IC50 of 14 nM; Valorphin also shows anti-tumor activity.
Naloxone benzoylhydrazone (NalBzoH) is a mixed agonist/antagonist. Naloxone benzoylhydrazone is a prototypic κ3-opioid receptor agonist, and a partial agonist at the cloned μ and δ opioid receptors, and an antagonist at opioid-like NOP receptors. Naloxone benzoylhydrazone has potently analgesia effect[1][2][3].
[DAla2, DArg6] Dynorphin A, (1-13) (porcine) (DADAD) is an opioid peptide (dynorphinl-13, DYN) derivative found in porcine pituitary extracts. DYN is highly potent at the peripheral opioid receptors GPI and MVD, but is readily and rapidly degraded in vivo. [DAla2, DArg6] Dynorphin A, (1-13) (porcine) has some resistance to enzymatic cleavage and prevents peptide cleavage by enzymes[1].
β-Casomorphin, human is an opioid peptide, acts as an agonist of opioid receptor.
GR103545 is a potent and selective agonist of the κ-opioid receptor (κ-OR). 11GR103545 is a radiotracer for imaging κ-OR in vivo[1][2].
Naloxonazine is a potent and selective opiate mu-1 antagonist that can also affect leishmania by regulating host coding function[1].
Norbinaltorphimine dihydrochloride is a potent and selective κ opioid receptor antagonist.
BRL 52537 hydrochloride is a highly selective κ-Opioid receptor (KOR) agonist with Kis of 0.24 nM and 1560 nM for κ and μ subtypes, respectively. BRL 52537 hydrochloride decreases ischemia-evoked NO production as a potential mechanism of neuroprotection. BRL 52537 hydrochloride attenuates early stroke damage[1].
[D-Ala2]-Met-Enkephalinamide, an opioid peptide, is a potent opioid agonist. [D-Ala2]-Met-Enkephalinamide decreases bile flow by a central mechanism. [D-Ala2]-Met-Enkephalinamide has analgesic properties[1][2].
AR-M 1000390 hydrochloride is an exceptionally selective, potent δ opioid receptor agonist with an EC50 of 7.2±0.9 nM for δ agonist potency.
[Nphe1]Nociceptin(1-13)NH2, a novel nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NC) endogenous ligand, is a selective and competitive ociceptin receptor antagonist without any residual agonist activity. [Nphe1]nociceptin(1-13)NH2 binds selectively to recombinant nociceptin receptors (pKi=8.4) and antagonizes the inhibitory effects of nociceptin on cyclic AMP accumulation in CHO cells (pA2=6.0). [Nphe1]Nociceptin(1-13)NH2 has the potential to act as an analgesic agent[1].
Nocistatin, a neuropeptide, is an endogenous ligand for the orphan opioid receptor-like receptor. Nocistatin is also a functional antagonist of neuropeptide nociceptin or orphanin FQ (Noc/OFQ). Nocistatin inhibits 5-HT release via a Gi/o proteinmediated pathway. Nocistatin blocks Nociceptin (Nociceptin)-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia[1][2].
TAN-452 is an orally active, selective peripherally acting δ-opioid receptor (DOR) antagonist with a Ki of 0.47 nM and a Kb of 0.21 nM. TAN-452 is an antagonist for μ-opioid receptor (MOR; Ki=36.56 nM and Kb=9.43 nM) and κ-opioid receptor (KOR; Ki=5.31 nM and Kb=7.18 nM). TAN-452, a derivative of Naltrindole, demonstrates low brain penetrability and attenuates morphine-induced side effects without affecting pain control[1].
Trimebutine-d5 (fumarate) is deuterium labeled Trimebutine.
TIPP is a potent and selective δ-opioid antagonist with a Ki value of 1.22 nM[1].
Oliceridine Racemate (TRV130 Racemate) is the racemate of Oliceridine. Oliceridine is a novel mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonist that preferentially activates G-protein versus β-arrestin signaling pathways coupled to MORs.
Viminol is a centrally acting analgesic agent. Viminol also shows antitussive activity[1][2].
[Leu5]-Enkephalin is a pentapeptides with morphine like properties. [Leu5]-Enkephalin is a five amino acid endogenous peptide that acts as an agonist at opioid receptors.
Dynorphin B (1-13) acts as an agonist on opioid κ-receptor.
Desmethylclozapine-d8 (Norclozapine-d8) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled N-Desmethylclozapine hydrochloride. N-Desmethylclozapine hydrochloride is a major active metabolite of the atypical antipsychotic drug Clozapine. N-Desmethylclozapine hydrochloride is a potent, allosteric and partial M1 receptors agonist (EC50=115 nM) and is able to potentiate hippocampal N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor currents through M1 receptor activation. N-Desmethylclozapine hydrochloride is also a δ-opioid agonist[1][2][3].