Calhex 231 hydrochloride is a CaSR inhibitor via negative allosteric modulation. Calhex 231 hydrochloride blocks Ca2+-induced accumulation of [3H]inositol phosphate with an IC50 of 0.39 μM in HEK293 cells. Calhex 231 hydrochloride has the potential for diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) treatment[1][2].
L-Alanine-13C3,15N (L-2-Aminopropionic acid-13C3,15N) is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Alanine. L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.
2-Methylbenzaldehyde-13C is the 13C labeled 2-Methylbenzaldehyde[1]. 2-Methylbenzaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite.
SD-169 is an orally active ATP-competitive inhibitor of p38α MAPK, with an IC50 of 3.2 nM. SD-169 also weakly inhibits p38β MAPK with an IC50 of 122 nM. SD-169 prevents the development and progression of diabetes by inhibiting T cell infiltration and activation[1].
PDE5-IN-4 is a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor. PDE5-IN-4 can be used for the research of acute myocardial infarction and damage caused by reperfusion, gastrointestinal diseases, damage caused by diabetes, and liver failure[1].
Lidorestat (IDD-676) is a potent, selective and orally active aldose reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM. Lidorestat can be used to treat chronic diabetes complications. Lidorestat also improves nerve conduction and reduces cataract formation[1][2][3].
Cholic acid sodium is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.
Zenarestat is a potent and orally active aldose reductase inhibitor. Zenarestat improves diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Zucker diabetic fatty rats[1].
BCAT-IN-2 is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase (BCATm), with a pIC50 of 7.3. BCAT-IN-2 shows selectivity for BCATm over BCATc (pIC50=6.6). BCAT-IN-2 can be used for the research of obesity and dislipidema[1].
Fotagliptin benzoate is a Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor (IC50=2.27 nM). Fotagliptin benzoate displays great security in rat and dog. Fotagliptin benzoate can be used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus research[1].
(+)-Cembrene A (Compound 5) is a α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 30.31 μM. (+)-Cembrene A is nontoxic towards human normal hepatocyte (LO2) cells[1].
S-(p-Nitrobenzyl)glutathione is a competitive glutathionase inhibitor. S-(p-Nitrobenzyl)glutathione is converted to the corresponding cysteine derivatives by rat kidney microsomes. S-(p-Nitrobenzyl)glutathione can be used for the research of metabolic breakdown of glutathione by the glutathionase system[1][2].
DL-Lysine-d8 dihydrochloride is the deuterium labeled DL-Lysine[1].
MB-07729 is a potent fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) noncompetitive inhibitor with IC50 values of 31, 121, and 189 nM for human, monkey, and rat, respectively.
Lubiprostone-d7 (RU-0211-d7) is the deuterium labeled Lubiprostone. Lubiprostone (RU0211) is a gastrointestinal agent used for the treatment of idiopathic chronic constipation[1][2].
LY518674 is a potent, selective PPARα antagonist, with an EC50 of 42 nM for human PPARα. LY518674 reduces triglycerides in and increased HDL-C and is used for the treatment of atherosclerosis[1][2][3].
Hyzetimibe is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor. Hyzetimibe blocks the intestinal absorption of cholesterol and phytol. Hyzetimibe is well tolerated in animal models, with an LDmax 2000 mg/kg in rats and an LDmax 500 mg/kg in rhesus monkeys[1].
Cholesteryl linoleate is shown to be the major cholesteryl ester contained in LDL and atherosclerotic lesions.
Geraniin is a TNF-α releasing inhibitor with numerous activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycemic activities, with an IC50 of 43 μM.
3-Methyladipic acid is the final metabolite in the ω-oxidation pathway.
(24R)-MC 976 is a Vitamin D3 derivative.
GPR40 agonist 5 (compound I-14) is an orally active and potent GPR40 (G protein coupled receptor 40) agonist, with an EC50 of 47 nM. GPR40 agonist 5 decreases the levels of blood glucose and improves the glucose tolerance. GPR40 agonist 5 has sufficient effectiveness for the control of hyperglycemia state in type 2 diabetic mice[1].
Terbufibrol has been shown highly active in reducing serum total cholesterol (TC) levels in the normal and hypercholesterolemic male rat.
α-Glucosidase (α-D-Glucosidase), a carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme, catalyzes the liberation of α-glucose from the non-reducing end of the substrate. α-Glucosidase can facilitate the absorption of glucose by the small intestine. Inhibition of α-Glucosidase is an effective management of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)[1][2].
Syringaldehyde is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the group of flavonoids and is found in different plant species like Manihot esculenta and Magnolia officinalis[1]. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibits COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL[2]. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities[1].
(R)-5-Hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-3-heptanone is a diarylheptanoid that can be found in Alpinia officinarum. (R)-5-Hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-3-heptanone ameliorates oxidative stress and insulin resistance via activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway[1].
Dim16 is a dual PCSK9/HMG-CoAR inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 19 nM for PCSK9. Dim16 inhibits PCSK9-LDLR binding with an IC50 value of 0.8 nM. Dim16 increases LDL uptake in HepG2 cells[1].
GLP-1 receptor agonist 9 is a GLP-1 receptor agonist, example 7, extracted from WO2020234726 A1[1].
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) is a citric acid or tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme, is often used in biochemical studies. Isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate and reduces NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H, it plays important roles in cellular metabolism[1].
Hydrocotarnine is a Cbl inhibitor, and results in inflammasome-mediated IL-18 secretion in colitis. Hydrocotarnine increases expression of GLUT1 and cellular glucose uptake in glycolytic metabolism. Hydrocotarnine acts as an agent that provides analgesic effect in cancer research[1][2][3].