Cholestenone is the intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol.
GSK2041706A (GSK706) is a potent G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) agonist. GSK2041706A can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes[1].
JNJ-17203212 is a novel and selective TRPV1 antagonist, with IC50 of 65 nM and 102 nM for human TRPV1 and rat TRPV1.IC50 value: 65 nM (human TRPV1), 102 nM (rat TRPV1)Target: TRPVin vivo: JNJ-17203212 reduces sensitivity to luminal distension in both an acute, noninflammatory and a chronic, post-inflammatory rodent model of colonic hypersensitivity. Throughout this study, colonic sensitivity was assessed via quantification of VMR to CRD in rats following a single, oral administration of JNJ-17203212 (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg) or vehicle. [1] Oral pretreatment with JNJ-17203212 is a novel and selective TRPV1 antagonist, with partially prevents core hypothermia evoked by sc capsaicin. Oral pretreatment with JNJ-17203212 is a novel and selective TRPV1 antagonist, with partially prevents capsaicin-evoked hypothermia in a dose-response manner. [2]
AChRα(97-116), a peptide, can be used to induce experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG)[1]
GDP-α-D-mannose disodium is the donor substrate for mannosyltransferases and the precursor of GDP-β-L-fucose. GDP-α-D-mannose disodium gives a competitive inhibition with respect to GTP (Ki 14.7 μM) and an uncompetitive inhibition with respect to mannose-1-P (Ki 115 μM)[1].
3,7-Dimethyloct-1-ene-3,6,7-triol is a class of monoterpenoid polyols. 3, 7-dimethyloct-1-ene-3,6,7-triol has anti-HIV activity. 3, 7-dimethyloct-1-ene-3,6,7-triol can be used to study the isolation method of this drug from natural fruit ofCnidium monnieri [1].
Protamine sulfate, polycationic peptide and a antiheparin agent, could neutralize the anticoagulant action of heparin and enhances lipid-mediated gene transfer[1][2][3].
D-threo-PDMP is a potent glucoceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitor, which reduces the glycosphingolipids on the cell surface by inhibiting glycosylation, reduces the total length of the axon plexus and the number of axon branch points, and inhibits neurite growth[1][2].
BMS-823778 (BMS823778) is an orally available, potent and selective inhibitor of 11βHSD-1 with IC50 of 2.3 nM, displays >10,000-fold selectivity over 11βHSD-2; exhibits robust acute pharmacodynamic effects in cynomolgus monkeys (ED50=0.6mg/Kg) and in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice (ED50=34 mg/Kg), also showed excellent inhibition in an ex vivo adipose DIO mouse model (ED50=5.2 mg/Kg). Diabetes Phase 2 Clinical
Fructosyl-lysine (Fructoselysine) is an amadori glycation product from the reaction of glucose and lysine by the Maillard reaction. Fructosyl-lysine is the precursor to glucosepane, a lysine–arginine protein cross-link that can be an indicator in diabetes detection[1].
Raspberry ketone is a major aromatic compound of red raspberry, widely used as a fragrance in cosmetics and as a flavoring agent in foodstuff; also shows PPAR-α agonistic activity.
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-10isa bioactive peptide with anti-aging effect and has been reported used as a cosmetic ingredient[1].
Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP) I (7-36), amide, human is a physiological incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion.
Glycosidase-IN-2 (Compound 20) is an azasugar class of glycosidase inhibitor. Glycosidase-IN-2 has hypoglycemic activity[1].
Amiloride is a relatively selective inhibitor of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), used in the management of hypertension and congestive heart failure.
Novel FAK activator, promoting human intestinal epithelial monolayer wound closure and mouse ulcer healing
Acetic acid is a type of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) whose content levels are positively correlated with intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL-c) levels. Propionic acid is negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL-P) levels. Acetic acid is a carbohydrate fermentation metabolite of most anaerobic bacteria and is associated with stimulation of "de novo" lipogenesis and cholesterol production in the liver. The ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid is a novel biomarker of host lipid profile status[1].
Acotiamide is an orally active, selective and reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, with IC50 of 1.79 μM. Acotiamide can enhance gastric contractility and accelerate delayed gastric emptying. Acotiamide has the potential for the research of functional dyspepsia involving gastric motility dysfunction and intestinal inflammatory[1][2][3].
GKA-22 is a human glucokinase allosteric activator in the absence of glucose.
Pygenic acid A is a natural compound that can be found in Prunella vulgaris. Pygenic acid A induces apoptosis in metastatic breast cancer cells. Pygenic acid A can be used for the research of diabetes, inflammatory diseases, and cancers[1].
Sobetirome is a thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ)-specific agonist which bind selectively to TRβ-1 with an EC50 of 0.16 μM.
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced dipotassium is an orally active reduced coenzyme. β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced dipotassium is a donor of ADP-ribose units in ADP-ribosylaton reactions and a precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose. β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced dipotassium plays a role as a regenerative electron donor in cellular energy metabolism, including glycolysis, β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle[1].
L-Ornithine-d2 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled L-Ornithine hydrochloride. L-Ornithine hydrochloride is a free amino acid that plays a central role in the urea cycle and is also important for the disposal of excess nitrogen.
p-nitro-Pifithrin-α, a cell-permeable analog of pifithrin-α, is a potent p53 inhibitor. p-nitro-Pifithrin-α suppresses p53-mediated TGF-β1 expression in HK-2 cells. p-nitro-Pifithrin-α inhibits the activation of caspase-3 by Zika virus (ZIKV) strains. p-nitro-Pifithrin-α attenuates steatosis and liver injury in mice fed a high-fat diet [4].non-alcoholic fatty liver disease[1][2][3].
L-Leucine-2-13C,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Leucine. L-Leucine is an essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), which activates the mTOR signaling pathway[1].
Myricetin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside is a natural product that can be obtained from sphaerophysa salsula. Myricetin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside inhibits triglyceride (TG) accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes[1][2].
ACTH (7-38) (human) is the 7-38 fragment of human ACTH (1-39). human ACTH (1-39), known as a corticotropin inhibitory peptide (CIP), is an antagonist of the ACTH receptor and has no any corticosteroid activity[1].
SR-18292 is a PPAR gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) inhibitor, which increases PGC-1α acetylation, suppresses gluconeogenic gene expression and reduces glucose production in hepatocytes.
(E/Z)-GSK-3β inhibitor 1 is a racemic compound of (E)-GSK-3β inhibitor 1 and (Z)-GSK-3β inhibitor 1 isomers. GSK-3β inhibitor 1 (compound 3a) is a glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor and demonstrates high antidiabetic efficacy, with an IC50 of 4.9 nM[1].
DPP-4 inhibitor 3 (Compound 5a) is a potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.75 nM. DPP-4 inhibitor 3 shows excellent antioxidant and insulinotropic activity[1].