Propiomazine is an orally active antihistamine agent with sedative effects. Propiomazine can be used in the research of insomnia[1][2].
K-Ras (G12C) inhibitor 9 is an allosteric inhibitor of the K-Ras (G12C)[1].
Ataciguat (HMR-1766) is a nitric oxide-independent soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activator. Ataciguat is able to activate the ferric heme-iron redox form of sGC that stimulate the production of cyclic GMP (cGMP). Ataciguat exhibits vasodilator effects[1][2][3].
[Des-Arg9]-Bradykinin acetate is a Bradykinin B1 receptor agonist that displays selectivity for B1 over B2 receptors.
Irsogladine is a PDE4 inhibitor and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binder.Target: PDE4; mACHRIrsogladine treatment (300 and 500 mg/kg/day) resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of angiogenesis in wild-type mice by 21 and 45.3% (P < 0.02, P < 0.001), in tPA-deficient mice by 42.6 and 46% (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), and in uPA-deficient mice by 27.2 and 46% (P < 0.05, p < 0.001), respectively. Irsogladine inhibits bFGF-induced angiogenesis in wild-type, tPA-knockout, and uPA-knockout mice [1]. Irsogladine up-regulates GJIC between PC cells via regulation of the PKA pathway. It also suggests a useful adjuvant of Irsogladine to pancreatic cancer therapy [2]. irsogladine produces the increase of intracellular cAMP content via non-selective inhibition of PDE isozymes, which may be a key mechanism involved in its gastroprotective actions [3].
Proxyphylline is a methylxanthine derivative clinical used as cardiac stimulant, vasodilator and bronchodilator.
U-75302 is a potent inhibitor of leukotriene B4. U-75302 is a pyridine analogue. U-75302 has the potential for the research of inflammatory diseases[1].
Biotin-Substance P is the biotin tagged Substance P. Substance P (Neurokinin P) is a neuropeptide, acting as a neurotransmitter and as a neuromodulator in the CNS. The endogenous receptor for substance P is neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1-receptor, NK1R)[1].
Alvimopan monohydrate is a peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor (PAM-OR, IC50= 1.7 nM) antagonist for accelerating gastrointestinal recovery after surgery. IC50 Value: 1.7 nM (Mu-type opioid receptor) [1]in vitro: The dissociation rate of alvimopan from the micro opioid receptor (t(1/2)=30--44 min) was comparable to that of the long acting partial agonist buprenorphine (t(1/2)=44 min), but was slower than those of the antagonists naloxone (t(1/2)=0.82 min) and N-methylnaltrexone (t(1/2)=0.46 min) [2].in vivo: Alvimopan did not significantly accelerate GI-3 compared with placebo [6 mg: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.20, p = 0.080; 12 mg: HR = 1.24, p = 0.038). However, after adjustment for significant covariates (sex/surgical duration), benefits were significant for both doses (6 mg: HR = 1.24, p = 0.037; 12 mg: HR = 1.26, p = 0.028). Alvimopan also significantly accelerated time to GI-2 (6 mg: HR = 1.37, p = 0.008; 12 mg: HR = 1.33, p = 0.018) and DCO (6 mg: HR = 1.31, p = 0.008; 12 mg: HR = 1.28, p = 0.015) [3]. Alvimopan (1 and 3 mg/kg) significantly reversed this delayed GI transit when administered 45 min prior to surgery. However, the effects of alvimopan were less pronounced when administered following surgery [4].Toxicity:The most common treatment-emergent adverse events across all treatment groups were nausea, vomiting, and hypotension; the incidence of nausea and vomiting was reduced by 53 percent in thealvimopan 12-mg group [5].Clinical trial: Intercostal Nerve Block With Liposome Bupivacaine in Subjects Undergoing Posterolateral Thoracotomy. Phase 3
Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucose-13C disodium is the 13C labeled Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucose disodium salt. Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucose disodium salt (UDP-D-Glucose disodium salt) is the precursor of glucose-containing oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycop
Acifran (AY 25712), an antihyperlipidemic agent, is an orally active agonist of GPR109A (HM74A) and GPR109B, the high and low affinity receptors for Niacin[1][2].
CB1 antagonist 1 is an antagonist of CB1 receptor, used in the research of metabolic syndrome and obesity, neuroinflammatory disorders, cognitive disorders and psychosis, gastrointestinal disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
6'-GNTI dihydrochloride, a κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, displays bias toward the activation of G protein-mediated signaling over β-arrestin2 recruitment. 6'-GNTI 6'-GNTI dihydrochloride only activates the Akt pathway in striatal neurons[1].
CYM-5520 is a selective and allosteric sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) agonist with an EC50 of 480 nM. CYM-5520 does not activate S1PR1, S1PR3, S1PR4 and S1PR5 receptors. CYM-5520 can co-bind in the S1PR2 receptor with S1P. CYM-5520 can be used for osteoporosis research[1][2].
Macimorelin (EP-1572), a GH secretagogue, is an orally active GHSR agonist. Macimorelin stimulates GH release. Macimorelin can be used in the research of adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD), and Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS)[1][2][3].
S1P1 agonist 4 has a better profile in both potency (EC50 < 0.05 mg/kg) and predicted human half-life (t1/2 ∼ 5 days).
Peptide YY (13-36) (canine, mouse, porcine, rat) is a Y2 receptor subtype agonist[1].
Agmatine sulfate exerts modulatory action at multiple molecular targets, such as neurotransmitter systems, ion channels and nitric oxide synthesis. It is an endogenous agonist at imidazoline receptor and a NO synthase inhibitor.
D2343 is a β2-adrenoceptor agonist and also is an α1- adrenoceptor inhibitor.
PROTAC KRAS G12C degrader-2 (compound 432) is a modulator of K-Ras protein hydrolysis. PROTAC KRAS G12C degrader-2 is a bifunctional compound, which contain on one end a cereblon inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) and on the other end a moiety which binds KRAS[1].
Naloxone benzoylhydrazone (NalBzoH) is a mixed agonist/antagonist. Naloxone benzoylhydrazone is a prototypic κ3-opioid receptor agonist, and a partial agonist at the cloned μ and δ opioid receptors, and an antagonist at opioid-like NOP receptors. Naloxone benzoylhydrazone has potently analgesia effect[1][2][3].
Digeranyl bisphophonate is a potent geranylgeranylpyrophosphate (GGPP) synthase inhibitor, which inhibits geranylgeranylation of Rac1.
(Rac)-E1R (Compound 2) is the racemate of E1R. (Rac)-E1R is a sigma-1 receptor positive allosteric modulator (Sig1R PAM) for the treatment of cognition/memory disorders[1].
GSK163090 is a potent, selective, and orally active 5-HT1A/B/D receptor antagonist with pKi of 9.4/8.5/9.7, and 6.3/6.7 for 5-HT1A/B/D, and dopamine D2/D3, respectively.IC50 value: 9.4/8.5/9.7 (pKi) [1]Target: 5-HT in vitro: GSK163090 demonstrates clear dose-dependent inhibition of the 8-OH-DPAT-induced hyperlocomotor activity (hLMA), with ED50 values ranging from 0.03 to 1 mg/kg. GSK163090 was devoid of agonist activity at R1 receptors, but rather it demonstrated amoderate functional antagonismof the phenylephrineinduced contraction of rabbit aorta (pIC50=6.9). [1]in vivo: Fromamong these analogues, the cyclic urea derivative, GSK163090, emerged due to its low hERG affinity and excellent in vitro DMPK profile. The superior quality of GSK163090 was further highlighted by its commendable in vivo pharmacokineticprofile in rat and its outstanding activity in the 5-HT1A PD model, where 50% efficacy was achieved at a blood concentration of 3 ng/mL. On the basis of these results and its promising preclinical developability profile, GSK163090 was selected as an appropriate development candidate for progression toward clinical proof-of-concept studies. [1]
[DAla2, DArg6] Dynorphin A, (1-13) (porcine) (DADAD) is an opioid peptide (dynorphinl-13, DYN) derivative found in porcine pituitary extracts. DYN is highly potent at the peripheral opioid receptors GPI and MVD, but is readily and rapidly degraded in vivo. [DAla2, DArg6] Dynorphin A, (1-13) (porcine) has some resistance to enzymatic cleavage and prevents peptide cleavage by enzymes[1].
Setipiprant is an orally available, selective CRTH2 antagonist. CRTH2 is a G protein-coupled receptor for PGD2.IC50 value: 6.0 nMTarget: PGD2in vitro: Setipiprant is an orally available, selective CRTH2 (chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper [Th]-2 cells) antagonist. CRTH2 is a G protein-coupled receptor for prostaglandin (PGD2). PGD2 is produced by the mast cells and is a key mediator in various inflammatory diseases, including allergy and asthma. Binding of PGD2 to CRTH2, which are expressed on the surface of blood-borne cells, induces chemotaxis of Th2 cells, basophils, and eosinophils, and stimulates cytokine release from these cells. Thus, antagonism of CRTH2 receptors is considered to be a promising therapeutic target for various allergic diseases and asthma.
Pentiapine is a novel dopamine release inhibitor.
Butaxamine (Butoxamin) hydrochloride is a specific β2-adrenergic receptor blocker. Butaxamine hydrochloride inhibits the decreases in urine volume in ethanol-anesthetized, water-diuretic rats[1].
Pirolate is a histamine H1 receptor.
Evocalcet has an activating effect on calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) extracted from patent WO 2017061621 A1, compound A.