Trebananib (2xCon4C; AMG 386), a non-VEGF-dependent angiogenesis pathway inhibitor, is a peptide-Fc fusion protein that neutralises the interaction between angiopoietins-1/2 and the Tie2 receptor, plus FOLFIRI. Trebananib can be used to research anticancer and ocular neovascular diseases[1][2].
Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a exogenous NO donor and a substrate for rat alcohol dehydrogenase class III isoenzyme, inhibits cerebrovascular angiotensin II-dependent and -independent AT1 receptor responses[1][2][3][4].
[Tyr(P)4] Angiotensin II is a peptide that has multiple effects on vascular smooth muscle, including contraction of normal arteries and hypertrophy or hyperplasia of cultured cells or diseased vessels[1].
Azilsartan medoxomil(TAK 491) is an orally administered angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist with IC50 of 0.62 nM, which used in the treatment of adults with essential hypertension. IC50 Value: 0.62 nM [2]Target: AT1 receptorin vitro: In aortic endothelial cells, azilsartan inhibited cell proliferation at concentrations as low as 1 μmol/l, whereas valsartan showed little or no antiproliferative effects at concentrations below 10 μmol/l. Antiproliferative effects of azilsartan were also observed in cells lacking AT1 receptors[1].in vivo: Oral administration of 0.1-3 mg/kg olmesartan medoxomil reduced blood pressure; however, only the two highest doses significantly reduced blood pressure 24h after dosing. ED(25) values were 0.41 and 1.3 mg/kg for azilsartan medoxomil and olmesartan medoxomil, respectively [2]. Over a longer treatment period of 24 weeks, azilsartan medoxomil showed sustained BP-lowering efficacy, with the reduction in 24-hour mean SBP at week 24 significantly greater with azilsartan medoxomil 40 or 80 mg once daily than with valsartan 320 mg once daily. Mean reductions from baseline in mean clinic SBP and DBP as well as DBP by ABPM were also significantly greater with azilsartan medoxomil 40 or 80 mg once daily than with valsartan[3]. In 4 randomized controlled trials (3 published to date), azilsartan medoxomil/chlorthalidone 40 mg/12.5 mg and 40 mg/25 mg reduced blood pressure (BP) significantly more than comparators did, including an approximately 5-mm Hg greater BP reduction than olmesartan medoxomil/hydrochlorothiazide 40 mg/25 mg and azilsartan medoxomil/hydrochlorothiazide [4].Clinical trial: Effect of Azilsartan on Aldosterone in Post-menopausal Females . Phase not specified
Azilsartan mopivabil is the potent antagonist of angiotensin II receptor[1].
Irbesartan-d6-1 is the deuterium labeled Irbesartan[1]. Irbesartan (SR-47436) is an orally active Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB). Irbesartan can relax the blood vessels, low blood pressure and increase the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. Irbesartan can be used for the research of high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease[2].
Tranilast is an antiallergic agent.Target: Angiotensin ReceptorTranilast has been approved in Japan and South Korea, since 1982, for the treatment of bronchial asthma, with indications for keloids and hypertrophic scar added in 1993. Tranilast is also used to treat asthma, autoimmune diseases, atopic and fibrotic pathologies, and can also inhibit angiogenesis. The antiproliferative properties of tranilast were found that tranilast elicited an inhibitory effect on fibroblast proliferation in vitro and also suppressed collagen production both in vitro and in vivo . Tranilast also reduced the release of chemical mediators from mast cells and suppressed hypersensitivity reactions. [1]Three-week-old C57Bl/10 and mdx mice received tranilast (~300 mg/kg) in their food for 9 weeks, after which fibrosis was assessed through histological analyses, and functional properties of tibialis anterior muscles were assessed in situ and diaphragm muscle strips in vitro. Tranilast administration did not significantly alter the mass of any muscles in control or mdx mice, but it decreased fibrosis in the severely affected diaphragm muscle by 31% compared with untreated mdx mice (P<0.05) [2].
EMD 66684 is an antagonist of Angiotensin II Type 1 (AT1) receptor. EMD 66684 shows potent binding affinities for the AT1 subtype Ang II receptor with an IC50 value of 0.7 nM. EMD 66684 also serves as an antiischemic cytoprotectant [1]-[5].
TRV055 is a Gq-biased ligand of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R). TRV055 is efficacious in stimulating cellular Gq-mediated signaling. TRV055 can be used to develop the Gq-biased AT1R agonists[1].
L-159282 is a highly potent, orally active, nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, with anti-hypertensive activity.
Losartan (potassium) is an angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) antagonist, competing with the binding of angiotensin II to AT1 with an IC50 of 20 nM.
Olmesartan lactone impurity is a cyclic ester impurity of Olmesartan. Olmesartan is an angiotensin II receptor (AT1R) antagonist and has the potential for high blood pressure study[1][2].
(Sar1,Ile4,8)-Angiotensin II is a functionally selective angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) agonist. (Sar1,Ile4,8)-Angiotensin II potentiates insulin-stimulated insulin receptor (IR) signaling and glycogen synthesis. (Sar1,Ile4,8)-Angiotensin II potentiates insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3α/β[1].
Losartan D4 Carboxylic Acid is the deuterium labeled Losartan(EXP-3174), which is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist.
Angiotensin II (3-8), human is a less effective agonist at the angiotensin AT1 receptor.
Azilsartan methyl ester, a derivative of Azilsartan (HY-14914), is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist that plays an important role in hypertension[1].
Angiotensin II (5-8), human is an endogenous C-terminal fragment of the peptide vasoconstrictor angiotensin II[1]. Angiotensin II binds the AT II type 1 (AT1) receptor, stimulating GPCRs in vascular smooth muscle cells and increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels. Angiotensin II also acts at the Na+/H+ exchanger in the proximal tubules of the kidney[2][3].
BIBS 39 is a new nonpeptide angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonist.Target: Angiotensin Receptorin vitro: BIBS 39 displaces [125I] AII from its specific binding sites with a Ki value of 29 ± 7 nM for the AII subtype 1 (AT1) receptor and a Ki value of 480 ± 110 nM for the AII subtype 2 (AT2) receptor. BIBS 222 shows a Ki value of 20 ± 7 nM for the AT1 subtype and a Ki value of 730 ± 170 nM for the AT2 subtype. BIBS 39 is 17 times more selective for the AT1 subtype and BIBS 222 37 times. BIBS 39 shifts the AII concentration-contractile response curves in isolated rabbit aorta to the right in a parallel fashion. [1]in vivo: In pithed rats, BIBS 39 dependently shifts the dose-response curve of AII to the right without affecting the maximal response. BIBS 222 also causes parallel shifts to the right but a significant reduction of the maximal responses was observed at 3 and 10 mg/kg i.v. These results show that the benzimidazole derivatives BIBS 39 is a potent and selective AII receptor antagonists. Substitution with a benzimidazole moiety results into a considerable loss of selectivity for the AT1 receptor subtype compared with an imidazole moiety as, for instance, in DuP 753.[1] BIBS 39 is a new nonpeptide angiotensin receptor blockers that has affinity for both AT1- and AT2-receptors, is also a potent antagonist of the cardiovascular effects of AII in pithed rabbits. [2]
TRV120027, a β-arrestin-1-biased agonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), engages ß-arrestins while blocking G-protein signaling[1]. TRV120027 induces acute catecholamine secretion through cation channel subfamily C3 (TRPC3) coupling, promotes the formation of a macromolecular complex composed of AT1R–β-arrestin-1–TRPC3–PLCγ at the plasma membrane. TRV120027 inhibits angiotensin II–mediated vasoconstriction and increases cardiomyocyte contractility. TRV120027 has the potential for the acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) treatment[2].
C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (1-53), human is the 1-53 fragment of C-Type Natriuretic Peptide. C-Type Natriuretic Peptide is natriuretic peptide family peptide that is involved in the maintenance of electrolyte-fluid balance and vascular tone[1].
PD 123319 (ditrifluoroacetate) is a potent, selective AT2 angiotensin II receptor antagonist with IC50 of 34 nM.
Olmesartan impurity is an Olmesartan impurity. Olmesartan (RNH-6270) is an angiotensin II receptor (AT1R) antagonist has the potential for high blood pressure study[1][2].
Elisartan is an orally active non-peptide pro-drug of angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonist HN-12206, and shows anti-hypertension activities.
CGP48369 is a nonpeptidic angiotensin II receptor antagonist, used for anti-hypertensive research.
Candesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist with IC50 of 0.26 nM.Target: Angiotensin II Receptorcandesartan is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Results from the CHARM study in the early 2000s demonstrated the morbidity and mortality reduction benefits of candesartan therapy in congestive heart failure. Thus, while ACE inhibitors are still considered first-line therapy in heart failure, candesartan can be used in combination with an ACE to achieve improved mortality and morbidity vs. an ACE alone and additionally is an alternative in patients intolerant of ACE inhibitor therapy.Candesartan (0.5 mg/kg) decreases blood pressure and inhibits AT1 binding in the subfornical organ (SFO), paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and area postrema (AP) in WKY rats. Candesartan (0.3 mg/kg) pretreatment decreases the infarct area by 31% in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats, reduces the CBF decrease at the peripheral area of ischemia and the cortical volume of severe ischemic lesion.
Irbesartan (SR-47436) hydrochloride is an orally active Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB). Irbesartan hydrochloride can relax the blood vessels, low blood pressure and increase the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. Irbesartan hydrochloride can be used for the research of high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease[1].
Valsartan D9 (CGP-48933 D9) is deuterium labeled valsartan. Valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist for treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure.
Azilsartan-d4 is the deuterium labeled Azilsartan[1]. Azilsartan is an orally active, potent, selective and specific angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist. Azilsartan induces ROS formation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Azilsartan shows neuroprotective and anticancer activity. Azilsartan can be used for hypertension and stroke research[2][3][4][5][6].
LY285434 is a suitable angiotensin II receptor antagonist.
Candesartan Cilexetil (TCV-116) is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.Target: Type-1 angiotensin II receptorCandesartan is generally well tolerated and significantly reduced cardiovascular deaths and hospital admissions for heart failure. Ejection fraction or treatment at baseline did not alter these effects [1]. In rats, TCV-116 inhibited the pressor responses to Ang I, Ang II, and Ang III without an effect on the bradykinin (BK)-induced depressor response. In SHR, the antihypertensive effect of TCV-116 (10 mg/kg) was larger than the maximum antihypertensive effect of enalapril and was not intensified by combination with enalapril. TCV-116 is more effective than enalapril in reducing blood pressure in SHR and 1K, 1C-HR, and that the BK- and/or prostaglandin-potentiating effect of enalapril contributes little to its antihypertensive mechanism in SHR [2].