Dimaprit dihydrochloride is a selective histamine H2 receptor agonist, it also inhibits nNOS with an IC50 of 49 μM. Dimaprit dihydrochloride can stimulate gastric acid secretion[1][2].
Doxylamine D5 is deuterium labeled Doxylamine.
Phenindamine (Nu 1504) is an antihistamine[1].
Lodoxamide tromethamine (U 42585 E) is a medication for the treatment of prophylaxis of mast cell-mediated allergic disease.
Olopatadine HCl is a histamine blocker used to treat allergic conjunctivitis.Target: Histamine ReceptorOlopatadine is one of the second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonists that are treated for allergic disorders. Olopatadine significantly inhibited the ear swelling and the increased production of IL-4, IL-1beta, IL-6, GM-CSF and NGF in the lesioned ear [1]. Olopatadine was highly and rapidly absorbed in healthy human volunteers. The urinary excretion of olopatadine accounted for not less than 58% and the contribution of metabolism was considerably low in the clearance of olopatadine in humans. Olopatadine is one of the few renal clearance drugs in antiallergic drugs. Olopatadine was shown to be useful for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria in double-blind clinical trials [2]. AL-4943A inhibits histamine release in a concentration-dependent fashion (IC50 = 559 microM) from human conjunctival mast cell preparations in vitro. Passive anaphylaxis in guinea pig conjunctiva was attenuated by AL-4943A applied 30 min prior to intravenous or topical ocular antigen challenge (ED50 values 0.0067% and 0.0170%, w/v, respectively) [3].
Hydroxyzine is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist.Target: Histamine H1-ReceptorHydroxyzine inhibits carbachol (10 μM)-induced serotonin release by 34% at 10 μM, by 25% 1 μM and by 17% 0.1 μM in pretreated bladder slices for 60 min [1]. Hydroxyzine (0.1 mM) treatment inhibits the progression and severity of EAE by 50% and the extent of mast cell degranulation by 70% in Lewis rats with allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) [2]. Hydroxyzine (500 ?M) significantly increases transport of etoposide to the serosal site in the jejunal everted sacs. Hydroxyzine significantly reduces the efflux and approximately 2.4 ?g/mL of etoposide in the jejunum and ileum. Hydroxyzine (0.2 μg/mL) significantly enhances the efflux of RH123 to the lumen [3].Hydroxyzine (500 μM) significantly decreases the steady-state etoposide concentration 2-fold, where the steady-state concentration reached about 0.055 μM/mL in Sprague-Dawley rats [3]. Hydroxyzine (12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg i.p.) shows little direct analgesic activity but markedly potentiates only the effect of morphine on the vocalization after-discharge which represents the affective component of pain in rats. Hydroxyzine (50 mg/kg i.p.) potentiates morphine on the tail-flick test, while Hydroxyzine (12.5 mg/kg i.p.) decreases morphine antinociception in rats [4].
Teverelix (EP 24332) is a GnRH antagonist. Teverelix binds competitively and reversibly to GnRH receptors, thereby suppressing the release of LH and FSH. Teverelix can be used in the research of prostatic hyperplasia, endometriosis, and prostate cancer[1][2].
Dioxopromethazine is an orally active antihistamine. Dioxopromethazine inhibits asthmatic symptoms[1].
N-acetylhistamine is a histamine metabolite. N-acetylhistamine can be used as a potential biomarker of histidine metabolism for anaphylactoid reactions.
Alistin (Carcinine; β-Alanylhistamine) is a selective histamine H3 antagonist with antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects on the retina of oxidatively stressed mice[1][2].
Clemizole hydrochloride is an H1 histamine receptor antagonist, is found to substantially inhibit HCV replication. The IC50 of Clemizole for RNA binding by NS4B is 24±1 nM, whereas its EC50 for viral replication is 8 µM.
Diphenhydramine is a first-generation histamine H1-receptor antagonist with anti-cholinergic effect. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride can across the ovine blood-brain barrier (BBB)[1][2].
Betazole (Ametazole) dihydrochloride, a pyrazole analogue of histamine, is an orally active H2 receptor agonist. Betazole dihydrochloride induces gastric acid secretion, and causes an immediate and significant increase in common bile duct pressure. Betazole dihydrochloride has been used as a diagnostic agent known as histalog, for investigating gastric acid secretory capacity[1][2][3].
(Z)-Lafutidine ((Z)-FRG-8813) is a potent histamine H2 receptor antagonist. (Z)-Lafutidine shows anti-secretory and gastroprotective activities[1].
Dimenhydrinate is an anti-emetic and anti-histamine commonly available over-the-counter as a motion sickness remedy.
Bromodiphenhydramine hydrochloride is a potent antihistamine with antimicrobial property. Bromodiphenhydramine hydrochloride inhibits a large number of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Bromodiphenhydramine hydrochloride can be used for cutaneous allergies research[1][2][3].
Immepip is a H3 agonist. Immepip can reduce cortical histamine release. Immepip can be used for the research of neurological diseases[1].
Desloratadine-d5 is deuterium labeled Desloratadine. Desloratadine (Sch34117) is the orally active major metabolite of the nonsedating H1-antihistamine Loratadine. Desloratadine is a selective H1-receptor antagonist that has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].
GT-2016 is a potent, selective, and brain penetrant histamine H3 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 43.8 nM. GT-2016 displays selectivity against H1 and H2 receptors, and has non-active against histamine methyltransferase[1].
JNJ-5207852 is a selective and potent histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonist, with pKis of 8.9, 9.24 for rat and human H3R, respectively.
Mizolastine dihydrochloride is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist with IC50 of 47 nM used in the treatment of hay fever (seasonal allergic rhinitis), hives and other allergic reactions. Target: Histamine H1-receptorMizolastine is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist with IC50 of 47 nM used in the treatment of hay fever (seasonal allergic rhinitis), hives and other allergic reactions. It does not prevent the actual release of histamine from mast cells, just prevents it binding to receptors. Side effects can include dry mouth and throat.Mizolastine has demonstrated antiallergic effects in animals and healthy volunteers and anti-inflammatory activity in animal models. Double-blind trials have shown mizolastine to be significantly more effective than placebo and as effective as other second generation antihistamine agents, such as loratadine or cetirizine, in the management of patients with perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis and in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Available data also suggest that prophylactic administration of mizolastine is significantly more effective than placebo and as effective as prophylactic terfenadine in delaying the onset of symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Lafutidine, a newly developed histamine H(2)-receptor antagonist, inhibits gastric acid secretion.Target: histamine H(2)-receptorLafutidine, a newly developed histamine H(2)-receptor antagonist, inhibits gastric acid secretion.It is currently marketed in Japan (Stogar) China (Lemeiting) and India (Lafaxid). It not only suppresses gastric acid secretion, but also has cytoprotective properties by the virtue of its property to induce the collagen synthesis in the gastric mucosa. It has a novel mechanism of action in addition to blocking the H2 receptors, it decreases inflammation by modulating calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vanilloid receptors. It is also found to stimulate mucin biosynthesis and promote the restitution of damaged mucosa.Lafutidine is absorbed in the small intestine, reaches gastric cells via the systemic circulation, and then directly and rapidly binds to gastric cell histamine H2 receptors, thereby inhibiting the stimulation of cAMP and a resultant decrease in acid production (antisecretory action). It causes a sustained increase in intracellular Ca2+ ion concentration in endothelial cells resulting in the release of Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP), which causes acid suppression by decreasing the vagal tone. Lafutidine also increases plasma somatostatin levels which decreases secretion of gastrin from G cells. This decrease in gastrin causes inhibition of parietal cells, resulting in decrease in gastric acid secretion.
Mecamylamine is an orally active, nonselective, noncompetitive nAChR antagonist. Mecamylamine is also a ganglionic blocker. Mecamylamine can across the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine can be used in the research of neuropsychiatric disorders, hypertension, antidepressant area[1][2][5].
Betahistine mesylate is an orally active histamine H1 receptor agonist and a H3 receptor antagonist[1]. Betahistine mesylate is used for the study of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)[3].
Bepotastine Beslilate (Bepreve) is a histamine H1 receptor anatagonist. IC50 value:Target: Histamine H1 receptorBepotastine Beslilate (Bepreve) also suppresses some allergic inflammatory processes such as allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria or pruritus associated with skin conditions (eczema/dermatitis, prurigo or pruritus cutaneus).Bepotastine Beslilate (Bepreve) is useful for allergic conjunctivitis.
Sequifenadine is a H1-antihistamine. Sequifenadine has the potential for the research of inflammatory eye disease with allergic symptoms[1][2].
Triprolidine is an orally active H1R Antagonist antagonist. Triprolidine has the function of spinal cord motor and sensory block. Triprolidine can be used for the research of allergic rhinitis[1][2][3].
Fenspiride Hcl is an α adrenergic and H1 histamine receptor antagonist.IC50 value:Target: Adrenergic receptor; H1 receptorFenspiride hydrochloride is a bronchodilator with anti-inflammatory properties. Fenspiride hydrochloride inhibits mucus secretion and reduces the release of tachykinins at a prejunctional level. Fenspiride hydrochloride also may be an antagonist at α adrenergic and H1 histamine receptors.
Methapyrilene is a histamine antagonist, a pyridine chemical with anticholinergic activity. Methapyrilene can cause target organ-specific epigenetic alterations, such as a decrease in DNA methylation levels. Methapyrilene induces hepatocellular carcinoma in rats[1][2].
Terfenadine-d3 ((±)-Terfenadine-d3) is the deuterium labeled Terfenadine. Terfenadine ((±)-Terfenadine) is a potent open-channel blocker of hERG with an IC50 of 204 nM[1]. Terfenadine, an H1 histamine receptor antagonist, acts as a potent apoptosis inducer in melanoma cells through modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis. Terfenadine induces ROS-dependent apoptosis, simultaneously activates Caspase-4, -2, -9[2].