Amiloride-15N3 (hydrochloride) is the 15N labeled Amiloride hydrochloride[1]. Amiloride hydrochloride (MK-870 hydrochloride) is an inhibitor of both epithelial sodium channel (ENaC[2]) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uTPA[3]). Amiloride hydrochloride is a blocker of polycystin-2 (PC2;TRPP2[4]) channel.
Hainantoxin-IV is a specific antagonist of Sodium Channel, targeting to tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) voltage-gated sodium channels. His28 and Lys32 are the key resiudes of Hainantoxin-IV for binding with target, while Hainantoxin-IV adopts an inhibitor cystine knot motif[1].
μ-Conotoxin BuIIIC (Mu-Conotoxin BuIIIC) is a potent Nav1.4 inhibitor[1].
GDC-0276 is a potent, selective, reversible and orally active NaV1.7 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.4 nM. GDC-0276 is well tolerated and exhibits a good pharmacokinetic profile. GDC-0276 has the potential for the treatment of pain and to address shortcomings of existing pain medications, such as addiction and off-target side effects[1].
Fluphenazine-d8 is the deuterium labeled Fluphenazine. Fluphenazine is a potent, orally active phenothiazine-based dopamine receptor antagonist. Fluphenazine blocks neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels. Fluphenazine acts primarily through antagonism of postsynaptic dopamine-2 receptors in mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, and tuberoinfundibular neural pathways. Fluphenazine can antagonize Methylphenidate-induced stereotyped gnawing and inhibit climbing behaviour in mice. Fluphenazine can be used for researching psychosis and painful peripheral neuropathy associated with diabetes and has potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2[1][2][3][4][5][6].
Jingzhaotoxin-V is a peptide that inhibits potassium currents in Xenopus laevis oocytes with an IC50 value of 604.2 nM. Jingzhaotoxin-V also inhibits tetrodotoxin-resistant and tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons with IC50 values of 27.6 and 30.2 nM, respectively[1].
A potent, selective sodium-coupled citrate transporter (NaCT or SLC13A5) with IC50 of 0.51 uM, >20-fold selectivity over NaDC1 and NaDC3; demonstrates dose-dependent inhibition of radioactive [(14)C]citrate uptake in liver and kidney in vivo, reduces fasting plasma glucose concentrations with suitable in vivo pharmacokinetic profile.
Amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate is an inhibitor of both Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uTPA).
Benzonatate (Benzononatine) is a peripheral oral antitussive that dampens the activity of cough stretch receptors. Benzonatate has sodium channel-blocking properties and local anesthetic effects on the respiratory stretch receptors due to a tetracaine-like metabolite[1][2].
Disopyramide phosphate is a class IA antiarrhythmic drug with efficacy in ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. Disopyramide phosphate blocks the fast inward sodium current of cardiac muscle and prolongs the duration of cardiac action potentials. Disopyramide phosphate inhibits HERG encoded potassium channels. Disopyramide phosphate also exhibits complex protein binding, and has a potent negative inotropic action[1][2][3].
Amitriptyline Hydrochloride is a dibenzocycloheptene-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA).Target: OthersAmitriptyline acts primarily as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, with strong actions on the serotonin transporter and moderate effects on the norepinephrine transporter. It has negligible influence on the dopamine transporter and therefore does not affect dopamine reuptake, being nearly 1,000 times weaker on it than on serotonin [1]. Amitriptyline additionally functions as a 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, 5-HT6, 5-HT7, α1-adrenergic, H1, H2, and mACh receptorantagonist, and σ1 receptor agonist. It has also been shown to be a relatively weak NMDA receptor negative allosteric modulator at the same binding site as phencyclidine. Amitriptyline inhibits sodium channels, L-type calcium channels, and Kv1.1, Kv7.2, and Kv7.3 voltage-gated potassium channels, and therefore acts as a sodium, calcium, and potassium channel blocker as well [2]. Recently, amitriptyline has been demonstrated to act as an agonist of the TrkA and TrkB receptors. It promotes the heterodimerization of these proteins in the absence of NGF and has potent neurotrophic activity both in-vivo and in-vitro in mouse models [3].
Brevetoxin-3 (PbTx-3) is a potent allosteric voltage-gated Na+ channel activator and has multiple active centers (A-ring lactone, C-42 of R side chain)[1]. Brevetoxin-3 (PbTx-3) has a high affinity to site 5 of the voltage-sensitive Na+ channels, inhibits the inactivation of Na+ channels and prolongs the mean open time of these channels. Brevetoxin-3 (PbTx-3) repeated exposures can lead to prolonged airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and lung inflammation[2].
Lidocaine Hcl salt, an amide local anesthetic, has anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo, possibly due to an attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and reduction of neutrophils influx.Target: Lidocaine is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. Lidocaine is used topically to relieve itching, burning and pain from skin inflammations, injected as a dental anesthetic or as a local anesthetic for minor surgery. Lidocaine, the first amino amide–type local anesthetic, was first synthesized under the name xylocaine by Swedish chemist Nils Lofgren in 1943. His colleague Bengt Lundqvist performed the first injection anesthesia experiments on himself.Lidocaine is approximately 95% metabolized (dealkylated) in the liver by CYP3A4 to the pharmacologically-active metabolites monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and then subsequently to the inactive glycine xylidide. MEGX has a longer half life than lidocaine but also is a less potent sodium channel blocker. The elimination half-life of lidocaine is approximately 90–120 minutes in most patients. This may be prolonged in patients with hepatic impairment (average 343 minutes) or congestive heart failure (average 136 minutes).
N-Bromoacetamide can irreversibly remove sodium channel inactivation in the cytoplasmic face of the membrane, also decreasing K current rapid inactivation[1][2].
FR183998 free base is a potent Na+/H+-exchange inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.3 nM, 3.1 nM and 6.5 nM by measurement of pHi change in rat lymphocytes, rat and human platelets, respectively.
Eniporide hydrochloride (EMD-96785 hydrochloride) is a potent Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor.
Sodium Channel inhibitor 2 is a sodium channel blocker extracted from patent WO 2004011439 A2, compound 3c.
Mepivacaine is a tertiary amine used as a local anesthetic.Target: Sodium ChannelMepivacaine is a local anesthetic of the amide type. Mepivacaine has a reasonably rapid onset (more rapid than that of procaine) and medium duration of action (shorter than that of procaine). Mepivacaine is used in any infiltration and regional anesthesia. It is supplied as the hydrochloride salt of the racemate [1]. Mepivacaine displayed a preferential use-dependent block of Na(v)1.8, S(-)-bupivacaine displayed a preference for TTXs Na(+) channels [2].
Budiodarone (ATI-2042) tartrate is a chemical analogue of Amiodarone (HY-14187) with balanced, multiple cardiac ion channel (potassium, sodium and calcium channels) inhibiting activity. Budiodarone tartrate is an antiarrhythmic agent[1].
ω-Conotoxin CVIB is a non-selective N- and P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) antagonist. ω-Conotoxin CVIB inhibits depolarization-activated whole-cell VGCC currents in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons with a pIC50 of 7.64[1].
Propafenone D5 (SA-79 D5) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Propafenone hydrochloride. Propafenone (SA-79) hydrochloride is a class of anti-arrhythmic medication, which treats illnesses associated with rapid heart beats such as atrial and ventricular arrhythmias[1].
Mambalgin 1 is a selective ASIC1a inhibitor (IC50 values are 192 and 72 nM for human ASIC1a and ASIC1a/1b dimer, respectively). Mambalgin 1 binds to closed/inactive channel. Mambalgin 1 is selective for ASIC1a over ASIC2a, ASIC3, TRPV1, P2X2, 5-HT3, Nav1.8, Cav3.2 and Kv1.2 channels. Mambalgin 1 increases latency of withdrawal response in mouse tail-flick and paw-flick tests.
Flecainide is a potent and orally active antiarrhythmic agent. Flecainide blocks the cardiac fast inward Na+ current (INa) and the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K+ current. Flecainide prolongs the action potential duration (APD) in ventricular and atrial muscle fibres. Flecainide has the potential for the research of fetal tachycardias[1][2][3].
Triamterene D5 is deuterium labeled Triamterene, which can block epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in a voltage-dependent manner, which used as a mild diuretic.
PF-01247324 is a selective and orally bioavailable Nav1.8 channel blocker with an IC50 of 196 nM for recombinant human Nav1.8 channel.
Irampanel (BIIR 561) is an AMPA receptor and voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker. Irampanel inhibits kainate-induced currents in rat cortical neurons[1].
GDC-0310 is a selective acyl-sulfonamide Nav1.7 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.6 nM for hNav1.7[1].
QX-314 bromide is a membrane-impermeable permanently charged sodium channel blocker[1].
Brevetoxin B (Brevetoxin-2; PbTx-2) is a polyketide neurotoxin produced by Karenia species and other dinoflagellates. Brevetoxin B binds to site 5 on the alpha subunit of voltage-gated sodium channels (IC50=15 nM) on neurons at the neuromuscular junction, causing the channel to open irreversibly at potentials more negative than normal, discharging action potentials repetitively. Brevetoxin B is ichthyotoxic at nanomolar concentrations and is responsible for an illness described as neurotoxic shellfish poisoning.
Carbamazepine-D10 (CBZ-D10) is the deuterium labeled Carbamazepine. Carbamazepine (CBZ), a sodium channel blocker, is an anticonvulsant agent[1][2].