OAT1/3-IN-2 (compound 8) is a dual inhibitor of OAT1 and OAT3. OAT1/3-IN-2 can reverse the toxicity of Cys-Hg on HEK-OAT1 cells (10 μM) and has a potential protective effect on the kidneys. OAT1/3-IN-2 can be used to study mercury-induced kidney damage[1].
NB-598 hydrochloride is a potent and competitive inhibitor of squalene epoxidase (SE), and suppresses triglyceride biosynthesis through the farnesol pathway.
Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium (Acetyl-CoA trisodium) is a central metabolic intermediate. Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium is the actual molecule through which glycolytic pyruvate enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a key precursor of lipid synthesis, and is the sole donor of the acetyl groups for acetylation. Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium acts as a potent allosteric activator of pyruvate carboxylase (PC)[1].
GLP-1 receptor agonist 1 is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist extracted from patent WO2018056453A1, Compound 67.
1-Dodecanol-d1 is the deuterium labeled 1-Dodecanol[1]. 1-Dodecanol is an endogenous metabolite.
Platyconic Acid A is an active component of changkil saponins from platycodon grandiflorum and can be used for the research of reducing airway inflammation[1].
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (18-39), human is a corticotropinlike intermediate lobe peptide, which is is produced in the melanotrophs of the intermediate lobe of the pituitary.
Bisindolylmaleimide II is a general inhibitor of all PKC subtypes[1].
L-690488 is a prodrug of L-690330 and is a selective inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) inhibitor. L-690488 has more effective cell penetration than L-690330[1][2].
Camicinal (GSK962040) is a small molecule, selective motilin receptor agonist with pEC50 of 7.9.
β2AR agonist 3 (compound 9a) is a β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonist. β2AR agonist 3 can be used for type 2 diabetes research[1].
MK-0736 is a potent and selective 11β-HSD-1 inhibitor.
Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is an isoflavone isolated from extracts of Potentilla astracanica. Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a potent and uncompetitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase, with an IC50 of 56.05 μg/mL. Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used for the research of type-2 diabetes[1].
(R)-(-)-Phenylephrine is a selective α1-adrenoceptor agonist primarily used as a decongestant.
L-Lactic acid-13C3 is a stable isotope labeled L-Lactic acid analog. L-Lactic acid-13C3 can be used for lactate metabolism research[1].
AMG-076 is an orally bioavailable and selective MCHR1 antagonist. AMG-076 results in significant reduction in body weight gain in nonobese mice fed a high-fat diet and in high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice[1].
Arochlor 1254 is a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture with biphenyl and 54% chlorine. Aroclor 1254 reduced cell viability and induced overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner. Arochlor 1254 exposure reduces calcium homeostasis, osteoblast differentiation and bone formation[1].
Palmitic acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled Palmitic acid. Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. Palmitic acid can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells[1][2].
1-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-prenylphenyl), isolated from Broussonetia kazinoki, shows in vitro inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) with an IC50 of 13.00 μM. PTP1B is a negative regulator of insulin action and an important mediator in the pathogenesis of insulinresistance and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. PTP1B is regarded as a significant target for type 2 diabetes[1].
Phenylbutyrate is a potent histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitor. Phenylbutyrate can be used for urea cycle disorder research[1][2].
Lubiprostone(SPI-0211;RU0211) is a gastrointestinal agent used for the treatment of idiopathic chronic constipation.Target: OthersLubiprostone is a bicyclic fatty acid derived from prostaglandin E1 that acts by specifically activating ClC-2 chloride channels on the apical aspect of gastrointestinal epithelial cells, producing a chloride-rich fluid secretion. These secretions soften the stool, increase motility, and promote spontaneous bowel movements (SBM). From Wikipedia.
Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose sodium (ADP ribose sodium) is a nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD+) metabolite. Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose sodium is the most potent and primary intracellular Ca2+-permeable cation TRPM2 channel activator. Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose sodium also can enhance autophagy[1][2].
Nicodicosapent is a fatty acid niacin conjugate that is also an inhibitor of the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), a key regulator of cholesterol metabolism proteins such as PCSK9, HMG-CoA reductase, ATP citrate lyase, and NPC1L1.
Tolbutamide sodium is a potent and orally active antidiabetic agent. Tolbutamide sodium induces apoptosis in a Ca2+ dependent manner in pancreatic β-cells. Tolbutamide sodium has the potential for the research of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus[1][2].
BETP is an agonist of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, with EC50s of 0.66 and 0.755 μM for human and rat GLP-1 receptor, respectively.
Lobetyolin is derived from Codonopsis pilosula and has antioxidative effect.
6-Aminocaproic acid is an antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.Target: Others6-aminohexanoic acid is a derivative and analogue of the amino acid lysine, which makes it an effective inhibitor for enzymes that bind that particular residue. Such enzymes include proteolytic enzymes like plasmin, the enzyme responsible for fibrinolysis. Aminocaproic acid is also an intermediate in the polymerization of Nylon-6, where it is formed by ring-opening hydrolysis of caprolactam.Aminocaproic acid is used to treat excessive postoperative bleeding, especially after procedures in which a great amount of bleeding is expected, such as cardiac surgery. Aminocaproic acid can also be used to treat the overdose and/or toxic effects of the thrombolytic pharmacologic agents tissue plasminogen activator and streptokinase [1, 2].
Triamterene blocks epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in a voltage-dependent manner, which used as a mild diuretic.Target: Sodium ChannelTriamterene blocked rENaC in a voltage-dependent manner, and was 100-fold less potent than amiloride at pH 7.5. At -90 mV and -40 mV, the IC50 values were 5 microM and 10 microM, respectively. The blockage by triamterene, which is a weak base with a pKa of 6.2, was dependent on the extracellular pH. The IC50 was 1 microM at pH 6.5 and only 17 microM at pH 8.5 [1]. Triamterene (TA) is partly eliminated by a first-pass-effect. The main metabolite of TA is OH-TA-ester, which is pharmacologically active [2].
A 331440 hydrochloride is a histamine H3 receptor antagonist. A 331440 hydrochloride binds potently and selectively to human and rat histamine H3 receptors (Ki≤25 nM). A 331440 hydrochloride can be used for antiobesity research[1].
L-Cysteine-1-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans[1].