Citric acid-13C3 is the 13C labeled Citric acid[1]. Citric acid is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Citric acid cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid causes renal toxicity in mice[2][3][4].
Alginic acid is a natural polysaccharide, which has been widely concerned and applied due to its excellent water solubility, film formation, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Alginic acid induces oxidative stress-mediated hormone secretion disorder, apoptosis and autophagy in mouse granulosa cells and ovaries. Alginic acid has an inhibitory effect on histamine release. Anti-anaphylactic and anti-inflammatory properties[1][2][3].
HDAC-IN-36 (compound 23 g) is an orally active and potent HDAC (histone deacetylase) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 11.68 nM (HDAC6). HDAC-IN-36 promotes apoptosis, autophagy and suppresses migration. HDAC-IN-36 shows anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity, and can be used for breast cancer research[1].
Tylvalosin (Acetylisovaleryltylo?sin) is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic that has antibacterial activity. Tylvalosin is an antiviral agent and can be used for PRRSV infection. . Tylvalosin induces apoptosis. Tylvalosin also has anti-inflammatory activity, relieves oxidative stress, and relieves acute lung injury by suppression of NF-κB activation[1][2].
PDMP hydrochloride is a glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitor. PDMP hydrochloride induces apoptosis in K562/A02 cells. PDMP hydrochloride can be used in cancer (such as leukemia) research[1][2].
Isochamaejasmin is a biflavonoid with anti-cancer, antiplasmodial and insecticidal activities. Isochamaejasmin displays a potent NF-κB (NF-κB) activation activity. Isochamaejasmin could cause DNA damage and induce Apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in AW1 cells[1][2]. Isochamaejasmin also has a moderate antiplasmodial activity (IC50 of 7.3 μM for P. falciparum) and relatively low cytotoxicity (CC50 of 29.0 μM)[3].
Aloperine is an alkaloid in sophora plants such as Sophora alopecuroides L, which has shown anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-virus properties[1]. Aloperine is widely used to treat patients with allergic contact dermatitis eczema and other skin inflammation in China[2]. Aloperine induces apoptosis and autophagy in HL-60 cells[1].
D-Cl-amidine is a potent and highly selective PAD1 inhibitor. D-Cl-amidine is well-torelated with no significant toxicity[1].
FeTPPS, a 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin iron III chloride peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, possessed evident neuroprotective effects in a experimental model of spinal cord damage[1]. FeTPPS acts as a peroxynitrite scavenger and anti-nitrating agent in vivo. FeTPPS reduces nitric oxide (NO) production and apoptosis process[2].
LCS3 inhibits glutathione disulfide reductase (GSR) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) (IC50=3.3 µM and 3.8 µM, respectively) synergistically. LCS3 shows anti-tumor activity, and induces apoptosis. LCS3 can be used in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) research[1].
Dracorhodin perchlorate (Dracohodin perochlorate) is a natural product extracted from a natural medicine Dragon's blood. Dracorhodin perchlorate (Dracohodin perochlorate) inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [1][2].
Antiproliferative against-7 (compound 8f) is a potent anti-proliferative agent. Antiproliferative against-7 has antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HCT-116 and FR-2 with IC50s of 3.5 μM, 15.54 μM, 30.43 μM and 34.8 μM, respectively. Antiproliferative against-7 can increase ROS production and induce apoptosis[1].
Lometrexol (DDATHF), an antipurine antifolate, can inhibit the activity of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT) by tightly binding with it. Lometrexol can further inhibit de novo purine synthesis, causing abnormal cell proliferation and apoptosis, even cell cycle arrest. Lometrexol has anticancer activity[1].
Pexelizumab (h5G1. 1-SC) is a humanized scFv monoclonal antibody directed against the C5 complement component. Pexelizumab inhibits apoptosis and leukocyte infiltration. Pexelizumab can be used for the research of cerebral IR injury and myocardial infarction[1][2].
AK 295 (CX 295) is a calpain inhibitor that inhibits apoptosis through a calpain-dependent pathway. AK 295 improves neurological function in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). AK 295 can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases, such as bulbar amyotrophy, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis[1].
PDGFR-IN-1 (compound 7m) is a potent and orally active PDGFR (platelet-derived growth factor receptor) inhibitor, with IC50 values of 2.4 and 0.9 nM for PDGFRα and PDGFRβ, respectively. PDGFR-IN-1 displays robust antitumor effects and low toxicity, and can be used to study osteosarcoma[1].
RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride is a potent, selective, peptide-mimetic inhibitor of PAR-1 activation and internalization (binding IC50=0.44 uM) and shows no effect on PAR-2, PAR-3, or PAR-4. RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride inhibits the aggregation of human platelets induced by both SFLLRN-NH2 (IC50=0.16 μM) and thrombin (IC50=0.34 μM), quite selective relative to U46619 (HY-108566). RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride blocks angiogenesis and blocks the formation of new vessels in vivo. RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride induces cell apoptosis[1][2].
Ro 90-7501 is an amyloid β42 (Aβ42) fibril assembly inhibitor that reduces Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity (EC50 of 2 μM). Ro 90-7501 inhibits ATM phosphorylation and DNA repair. RO 90-7501 selectively enhances toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) ligand-induced IFN-β gene expression and antiviral response[2]. Ro 90-7501 also inhibits protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) in a TPR-dependent manner[3]. Ro 90-7501 has significant radiosensitizing effects on cervical cancer cells[4].
Delphinidin 3-glucoside chloride (Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside chloride) is an active anthocyanin found in bilberry extract. Delphinidin 3-glucoside chloride induces a pro-apoptotic effect in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B CLL)[1]. Delphinidin 3-glucoside chloride exerts phytoestrogen activity by binding to ERβ, with an IC50 of 9.7 μM[2]. Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside chloride inhibits EGFR with an IC50 of 2.37 µM[3].
PKCβ inhibitor 1 is a potent, ATP-competitive, and selective PKCβ inhibitor with IC50s of 21 and 5 nM for human PKCβ1 and PKCβ2, respectively. PKCβ inhibitor 1 exhibits selectivity of more than 60-fold in favor of PKCβ2 relative to other PKC isozymes (PKCα, PKCγ, and PKCε)[1][2].
Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) is a synthetic derivative of dolastatin 10 and functions as a potent mitotic inhibitor by inhibiting tubulin polymerization. MMAE is widely used as a cytotoxic component of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) to treat several different cancer types.
Epimedokoreanin B is a natural flavonoid with anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Epimedokoreanin B inhibits the growth of lung cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated Apoptosis accompanied by autophagosome accumulation. Epimedokoreanin B is an anti-periodontitis agent that inhibits gingipains and Porphyromonas gingivalis growth and biofilm formation[1][2][3].
(-)-Hinesol (Hinesol) is a potent anticancer agent. (-)-Hinesol induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. (-)-Hinesol downregulates MEK/ERK pathway and NF-κB pathway and mediates theexpression of cyclin D1, Bax and Bcl-2. (-)-Hinesol has the potential for the research of non–small cell lung cancer[1].
15-acetoxyscirpenol, one of acetoxyscirpenol moiety mycotoxins (ASMs), strongly induces apoptosis and inhibits Jurkat T cell growth in a dose-dependent manner by activating other caspases independent of caspase-3[1].
Bisindolylmaleimide VIII acetate (Ro 31-7549 acetate) is a potent and selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor with an IC50 of 158 nM for rat brain PKC. Bisindolylmaleimide VIII acetate has IC50s of 53, 195, 163, 213, and 175 nM for PKC-α, PKC-βI, PKC-βII, PKC-γ, PKC-ε, respectively[1]. Bisindolylmaleimide VIII acetate facilitates Fas-mediated apoptosis and inhibits T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases[2].
Sparfosic acid is a DNA antimetabolite agent and a potent inhibitor of aspartate transcarbamoyl transferase. Sparfosic acid has anti-tumor activity. Aspartate transcarbamoyl transferase catalyzes the second step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis[1][2].
Methylophiopogonanone A, a major homoisoflavonoid in Ophiopogon japonicas, has both anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties[1].
IV-23 (Compound 20) is a potent Noxa mediated apoptosis inducer, and it is a promising anticancer agent with potential. IV-23 inhibits cell growths in vitro and in vivo, reduces colony formation, arrests cell cycle at M phase, and induces esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)[1].
HDAC/JAK/BRD4-IN-1(compound 25ap) is a potent HDAC/JAK/BRD4 triple inhibitor. HDAC/JAK/BRD4-IN-1 inhibit cell growth and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells, and shows anticancer activity in vivo[1].
Pogostone is isolated from patchouli with anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activities. Pogostone inhibits both gram negative and gram positive bacteria, also show inhibitory effect on corynebacterium xerosis with a MIC value of 0.098 µg/ml [2]. Pogostone induces cell apoptosis and autophagy[2].