Latrepirdine dihydrochloride is a neuroactive compound with antagonist activity at histaminergic, α-adrenergic, and serotonergic receptors. Latrepirdine stimulates amyloid precursor protein (APP) catabolism and amyloid-β (Aβ) secretion.
HTMT (dimaleate) is a potent histamine H1 and H2 receptor agonist. HTMT (dimaleate) is 4 x 104 times more active than histamine in H2-mediated effects in natural suppressor cells[1].
Tripelennamine, an ethylenediamine derivative, is a potent histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Tripelennamine lessens the allergic response of the organism caused by histamine. Tripelennamine can be used for the research of rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and allergic and anaphylactic reactions[1][2][3].
Alimemazine D6 is deuterium labeled Alimemazine, which is an antihistamine.
VUF10460 is a non-imidazole histamine H4 receptor agonist; binds to rat H4 receptor with a pKi of 7.46.
Fexofenadine (MDL-16455) is an orally active and nonsedative H1 receptor antagonist. Fexofenadine can be used in allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticarial research[1][2][3].
ROS 234 is a potent H3 antagonist, with a pKB of 9.46 for Guinea-pig ileum H3-receptor, a pKi of 8.90 for Rat cerebral cortex H3-receptor, and a ED50 of 19.12 mg/kg (ip) in ex vivo of Rat cerebral cortex. ROS 234 diaplays poor central access[1][2].
Irdabisant (CEP-26401) is a selective, orally active and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant histamine H3 receptor (H3R) inverse agonist/inverse agonist with Ki values of 7.2 nM and 2.0 nM for rat H3R and human H3R, respectively. Irdabisant has relatively low inhibitory activity against hERG current with an IC50 of 13.8 μM. Irdabisant has cognition-enhancing and wake-promoting activities in the rat social recognition model. Irdabisant can be used to research schizophrenia or cognitive impairment[1][2].
Promethazine Hcl(NSC-231688) is the first-generation antihistamine; strong antagonist of the H1 receptor and moderate mACh receptor antagonist, moderate affinity for 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, D2 and α1-adrenergic receptors.
Cimetidine is a histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist.IC50 Value: Target: Histamine-2 Receptorin vitro: Cimetidine, a partial agonist for H2R, has a pharmacological profile different from ranitidine and famotidine, possibly contributing to its antitumor activity on gastrointestinal cancers [1]. Cimetidine had no effect on the uptake and cytotoxicity of cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells with high OCT2 mRNA levels (IGROV-1 cells) [2]. Cimetidine showed no effect on proliferation, survival, migration and invasion of 3LL cells. Cimetidine reversed MDSC-mediated T-cell suppression, and improved IFN-γ production. [3]. Cimetidine-mediated down-regulation of NCAM involved suppression of the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, a transcriptional activator of NCAM gene expression [4].in vivo: the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin in mice bearing luciferase-tagged IGROV-1 xenografts was unaffected by cimetidine (P = 0.39). Data obtained in 18 patients receiving cisplatin (100 mg/m(2)) in a randomized crossover fashion with or without cimetidine (800 mg × 2) revealed that cimetidine did not alter exposure to unbound cisplatin [2]. cimetidine reduced CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid derived-suppressive cell (MDSC) accumulation in spleen, blood and tumor tissue of tumor-bearing mice [3]. Cimetidine exerts a beneficial effect on periodontal disease in rats, decreasing the RANKL/OPG ratio in gingival connective tissue and reducing alveolar bone resorption [5].
UCB-35440, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and a histamine H1 receptor antagonist, is used potentially for the treatment of dermatitis.
Psoralenoside is a benzofuran glycoside from Psoralea corylifolia[1]. Psoralenoside exhibits high binding affinities against histaminergic H1, calmodulin, and voltage-gated L-type calcium channels (E-value≥-6.5 Kcal/mol)[2]. Psoralenoside shows estrogen-like activity, osteoblastic proliferation accelerating activity, antitumor effects and antibacterial activity[3].
PF-3893787 hydrochloride is a novel histamine H4 receptor antagonist binding affinity (Ki=2.4 nM) and is also a functional (Ki=1.56 nM) antagonist.
Oxatomide is a potent and orally active dual H1-histamine receptor and P2X7 receptor antagonist with antihistamine and anti-allergic activity. Oxatomide almost completely blocks the ATP-induced current in human P2X7 receptors (IC50 of 0.95 μM). Oxatomide inhibits ATP-induced Ca2+ influx with an IC50 value of 0.43 μM and also inhibits serotonin[1][2].
Hydroxyzine-d8 Dihydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Hydroxyzine dihydrochloride. Hydroxyzine dihydrochloride, a benzodiazepine antihistamine agent, acts as a orally active histamine H1-receptor and serotonin antagonist. Hydroxyzine dihydrochloride has anxiolytic effect and can be used forthe research of generalised anxiety disorder[1][2].
PF-03654746 Tosylate is a potent and selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist with high brain penetration. PF-03654746 Tosylate reduces allergen-induced nasal symptoms[1]. PF-03654746 Tosylate has potential for treatment of human cognitive disorders, improves cognitive efficacy and disease-modifying effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD)[2].
Histamine diphosphate is a potent agonist of histamine receptors and vasodilator. It can activate nitric oxide synthetase.
Cetirizine Impurity C dihydrochloride is an impurity of Cetirizine. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist[1][2].
Fenspiride, an orally active non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, is an antagonist of H1-histamine receptor. Fenspiride inhibites phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3), phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) activities with -log IC50 values of 3.44, 4.16 and approximately 3.8, respectively. Fenspiride can be used for the research of respiratory diseases[1][2][3].
Alcaftadine(R89674) is a H1 histamine receptor antagonist, which is used to prevent eye irritation brought on by allergic conjunctivitis.Target: H1 Histamine ReceptorAlcaftadine is a broad-spectrum antihistamine displaying a high affinity for histamine H1 and H2 receptors and a lower affinity for H4 receptors. alcaftadine was more effective than placebo and at least as effective as olopatadine 0.01% in preventing ocular itching at 15 minutes and at 16 hours after administration. Alcaftadine 0.025% ophthalmic solution has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for prevention of itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis in patients over 2 years of age [1]. Alcaftadine is a safe and effective option for the prevention of ocular itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis, is dosed once daily, and is competitively priced among prescription medications for allergic conjunctivitis [2].
Levocetirizine dihydrochloride ((R)-Cetirizine dihydrochloride) is a third-generation peripheral H1-receptor antagonist. Levocetirizine dihydrochloride is an antihistaminic agent which is the R-enantiomer of Cetirizine. Levocetirizine dihydrochloride has a higher affinity for the histamine H1-receptor than (S)-Cetirizine and can effectively treat allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria[1].
Alginic acid is a natural polysaccharide, which has been widely concerned and applied due to its excellent water solubility, film formation, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Alginic acid induces oxidative stress-mediated hormone secretion disorder, apoptosis and autophagy in mouse granulosa cells and ovaries. Alginic acid has an inhibitory effect on histamine release. Anti-anaphylactic and anti-inflammatory properties[1][2][3].
Dexchlorpheniramine is an potent and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant histamine 1 (H1) receptor antagonist with anticholinergic properties. Dexchlorpheniramine can be used for researching allergies[1].
Betahistine Dihydrochloride is a histamine H3 receptors inhibitor used as an antivertigo drug.Target: Histamine ReceptorBetahistine, a structural analogue of histamine with weak histamine H(1) receptor agonist and more potent H(3) receptor antagonist properties. Betahistine acts centrally by enhancing histamine synthesis within tuberomammillary nuclei of the posterior hypothalamus and histamine release within vestibular nuclei through antagonism of H(3) autoreceptors [1].Therapeutic effects of betahistine in vestibular disorders result from its antagonist properties at histamine H(3) receptors (H(3)Rs). On inhibition of cAMP formation and [(3)H]arachidonic acid release, betahistine behaved as a nanomolar inverse agonist and a micromolar agonist. After acute oral administration, Betahistine increased t-MeHA levels with an ED(50) of 2 mg/kg, a rightward shift probably caused by almost complete first-pass metabolism. Therapeutic effects of betahistine result from an enhancement of histamine neuron activity induced by inverse agonism at H(3) autoreceptors [2].
ABT-239 is a novel, highly efficacious, non-imidazole class of H3R antagonist and a transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) antagonist.
KP136 is an orally effective antiallergic agent. The IC50 is 76.1 μg/mL for histamine release and 63 ug/mL for degranulation.
ReN 1869 hydrochloride is a novel, selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist, which demonstrates affinity to the histamine H1 receptor (guinea pig brain) with Ki of 0.19±0.04 μM and the non-selective σ site (guinea pig brain) with Ki of 0.45 μM.
GSK239512 is a potent and brain penetrated H3 receptor antagonist. GSK239512 can be used for the research of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD)[1].
Ranitidine is a potent, selective and orally active histamine H2-receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 3.3 μM that inhibits gastric secretion. Ranitidine is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9[1][2].
(R)-(-)-α-Methylhistamine dihydrobromide is a potent and selective H3 histamine receptor agonist with a Kd of 50.3 nM[1][2]. (R)-(-)-α-Methylhistamine dihydrobromide can cross the blood-brain barrier, and can enhance memory retention, attenuates memory impairment in rats[3][4][5].