ABT-102 is a potent and highly selective Vanilloid Receptor (TRPV1) receptor antagonist. ABT-102 potently and reversibly increases heat pain thresholds and reduced painfulness of suprathreshold oral/cutaneous heat. ABT-102 reduces nociceptive responses of animals in models of inflammatory, bone cancer, postoperative, and osteoarthritic pain[1][2].
N-Oleoyl valine is a N-acyl valine compound that acts as a TRPV3 receptor antagonist[1].
A potent, selective orally-bioavailable TRPV4 antagonist with IC50 of 320, 420 and 660 nM for mouse, human and rat TRPV4 channels, respectively; >15-fold selectivity for TRPV4 over TRPV1, TRPV3 and TRPM8, and a panel of 54 other common biological targets.
AS1269574 is a potent, orally available GPR119 agonist, with an EC50 of 2.5 μM in HEK293 cells expressing human GPR119. AS1269574 activates TRPA1 cation channels to stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. AS1269574 specifically induces glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells only under high-glucose conditions. AS1269574 has the potential for the research of type 2 diabetes[1][2].
Vanilloid receptor antagonist 1 is a potent vanilloid receptor TRPV1 antagonist extracted from patent US8349852B2, compound B8[1].
Moringin is a potent and selective TRPA1 ion channel natural agonist with an EC50 of 3.14 μM. Moringin does not activate or activates very weakly the vanilloids somatosensory channels TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3 and TRPV4, and the melastatin cooling receptor TRPM8. Moringin has hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and neuroprotection activities[1][2].
NMDAR/TRPM4-IN-2 free base (compound 8) is a potent NMDAR/TRPM4 interaction interface inhibitor. NMDAR/TRPM4-IN-2 free base shows neuroprotective activity. NMDAR/TRPM4-IN-2 free base prevents NMDA-induced cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampal neurons, with an IC50 of 2.1 μM. NMDAR/TRPM4-IN-2 free base protects mice from MCAO-induced brain damage and NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell loss[1].
AC1903 is a potent, specific TRPC5 channel inhibitor with IC50 of 14.7 uM; blocks riluzole-activated TRPC5 whole-cell current, but fails to block carbachol (CCh)-induced TRPC4 and OAG-induced TRPC6 currents, even at high micromolar concentrations; pecifically blocks TRPC5 channel activity in glomeruli of proteinuric rats, suppresses severe proteinuria and prevents podocyte loss in a transgenic rat model of FSGS.
Hydroxy-α-sanshool is an alkylamide isolated from pepper, acts as a TRPA1 covalent and TRPV1 non-covalent agonist, with EC50s of 69 and 1.1 µM, respectively[1].
AM12 inhibits Lanthanide-evoked TRPC5 activity with an IC50 of 0.28 μM[1].
Dihydrocapsaicin is a natural capsaicin, acts as a selective TRPV1 agonist, and also increases p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection[1][2].
Larixyl acetate is a potent and selective TRPC6 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.58 μM and 6.83 μM against hTRPC6-YFP and hTRPC3-YFP, respectively. Larixyl acetate prevents HPV and is effective in protecting against traumatic brain injury-induced systemic endothelial dysfunction[1][2].
TRPC5-IN-3 is a potent TRPC5 inhibitor with IC50 of 10.75 nM (WO2022001767A1, L001)[1].
SAR7334 is a potent TRPC6 (Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6) inhibitor.
Pulegone, the major chemical constituent of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi essential oil which is an aromatic herb with a mint-oregano flavor, is one of avian repellents[1]. The molecular target for the repellent action of Pulegone in avian species is nociceptive TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). Pulegone stimulates both TRPM8 and TRPA1 channel in chicken sensory neurons and suppresses the former but not the latter at high concentrations[2].
ML204 is a novel potent antagonist that selectively modulates native TRPC4/C5 ion channels.IC50 value:Target: TRPC4/C5 inhibitorML204 inhibited TRPC4β-mediated intracellular Ca(2+) rise with an IC(50) value of 0.96 μm and exhibited 19-fold selectivity against muscarinic receptor-coupled TRPC6 channel activation. In whole-cell patch clamp recordings, ML204 blocked TRPC4β currents activated through either μ-opioid receptor stimulation or intracellular dialysis of guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate (GTPγS), suggesting a direct interaction of ML204 with TRPC4 channels rather than any interference with the signal transduction pathways. Selectivity studies showed no appreciable block by 10-20 μm ML204 of TRPV1, TRPV3, TRPA1, and TRPM8, as well as KCNQ2 and native voltage-gated sodium, potassium, and calcium channels in mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. In isolated guinea pig ileal myocytes, ML204 blocked muscarinic cation currents activated by bath application of carbachol or intracellular infusion of GTPγS, demonstrating its effectiveness on native TRPC4 currents [1]. ML204 blocked TRPC4 channels in an electrophysiological assay with an IC value of 2.6 μM and was also active in fluorescent and electrophysiological assays in which TRPC4 channels were activated by different mechanisms, indicating direct block of TRPC4 channels. Selectivity for block of TRPC4 channels was examined in fluorescent and electrophysiological experiments against closely related TRPC channels and more distantly related TRPV, TRPA and TRPM channels, and against non-TRP ion channels. ML204 afforded good selectivity (19-fold) against TRPC6 channels and more modest selectivity against TRPC3 and TRPC5 (9-fold) channels [2].
Capsazepine is a synthetic analogue of the sensory neurone excitotoxin, and an antagonist of TRPV1 receptor with an IC50 of 562 nM.
Farnesyl pyrophosphate, a 15-carbon isoprenoid, is a metabolic intermediate of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. Farnesyl pyrophosphate is a TRPM2 (TRP Channel) agonist, activates TRPM2 opening for ion influx. Farnesyl pyrophosphate is a key branch substrate for cholesterol synthesis, ubiquinones synthesis, protein farnesylation decoration, and geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) synthesis[1].
TRPC5-IN-2 is a potent TRPC5 inhibitor (WO2019055966A2, Compound IO)[1].
D-3263 is an agonist of transient receptor potential melastatin member 8 (TRPM8) with potential antineoplastic activity.
Novel inhibitor of TRPM6, promoting mesoderm and definitive endoderm differentiation of human embryonic stem cells through alteration of magnesium homeostasis
Icilin(AG 3-5) is a synthetic super-agonist of TRPM8 ion channel.IC50 value:Target: TRPM8in vitro: icilin, a super-cooling agent, down-regulated the expression of cell cycle signature genes and caused G1 arrest in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. icilin affected cell cycle-related transcriptional modules and identified E2F1 transcription factor as a target master regulator of icilin. icilin reduced the activity and expression levels of E2F1 [1]. Icilin concentration-response curves were significantly shifted to the right when pH was lowered from 7.3 to 6.9, whereas those with menthol were unaltered in solutions of pH 6.1 [2]. Icilin modulated the expression level of various cell cycle regulators at transcription or post-translational levels. In addition, icilin activated JNK and p38 kinase pathways, but not ERK [4].in vivo: Rats injected with icilin (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5mg/kg, i.p.) displayed dose-related WDS that were inhibited by pretreatment with a fixed dose of clonidine (0.15 mg/kg, s.c.). Shaking behavior caused by a fixed dose (2.5mg/kg) of icilin was also inhibited in a dose-related manner by clonidine pretreatment (0.03-0.15 mg/kg, s.c.) and reduced by clonidine posttreatment (0.15 mg/kg, s.c.) [3].
AS1928370 (ASP8370) is a potent, selective, orally available TRPV1 antagonist with IC50 of 0.51 uM, shows no inhibitory effects on TRPV4, TRPA11, and TRPM8 at 10 uM; demonstrates high aqueous solubility (pH6.8, >100 uM), satisfactory stability in human liver microsomes, and reduced CYP3A4 inhibition; improves capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in an L5/L6 spinal nerve ligation model in rats with respective ED50s of 0.17 and 0.26 mg/kg p.o.
TRPM8-IN-1 (example 14) is an inhibitor of transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) channels, IC50<5 μM[1].
BCTC is a potent and specific inhibitor of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) in prostate cancer (PCa) DU145 cells.Target: TRPM8in vitro: BCTC is a potent and specific antagonist of TRPM8, exerts an anti-tumor effect on the androgen-independent PCa DU145 cells, and the mechanism of how the inhibition functions. BCTC exerts an anti-proliferative effect on DU145 cells and induces tumor suppression through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of migration and invasion. BCTC demonstrates excellent anti-tumor activity in PCa DU145 cells, and therefore has the potential to become a targeted therapeutic strategy against PCa. [1]in vivo: BCTC is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable antagonist of rat VR1. BCTC not only blocks the activation of rat VR1 by capsaicin but also by low pH at the native rat VR1 in a skin-nerve preparation. Thus, BCTC has provided us with an opportunity to test our hypothesis that the inhibition of low pH induced activation of VR1 confers in vivo efficacy in models of chronic pain. This report describes the effects of BCTC in models of inflammatory, neuropathic, and capsaicin-induced pain in the rat. The efficacy and side effect profile of BCTC in these models were compared with those of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antiepileptic drugs currently used for the clinical therapy of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, respectively.[2]
TRPA1-IN-2 (compound 1) is a potent and orally active TRPA1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.04 µM. TRPA1-IN-2 shows anti-inflammation activity[1].
Probenecid-d14 is the deuterium labeled Probenecid. Probenecid is a potent and selective agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channels. Probenecid also inhibits pannexin 1 channels[1][2].
PF-4840154 is a potent, selective agonist of the rat and human TrpA1 channel with EC50s of 97 and 23 nM, respectively.
Englerin A is a potent and selective activator of TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels, with EC50s of 11.2 and 7.6 nM, respectively. Englerin A can induce renal carcinoma cells death by elevated Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ cell overload[1][2][3].
Linopirdine (DUP-996) is a potent Kv7 (KCNQ) voltage-gated potassium channels blcoker; blocks KV7.1+7.3 (KCNQ2+3) / M-currents (IC50=4-7 uM) and KV7.1 (KCNQ1) homomeric channels (IC50=8.9 uM); inhibits M-type K+ current, increases acetylcholine release in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons; active in vivo. Alzheimer Disease Phase 1 Discontinued