The cytoskeleton is a filamentous network of F-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments (IFs) composed of one of three chemically distinct subunits, actin, tubulin, or one of several classes of IF protein. Cytoskeleton not only helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization, but also provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement.

The cytoskeleton is involved in intracellular signal transduction at least two ways. First, individual proteins of the cytoskeleton might participate directly in signal transduction by linking two or more signaling proteins. Second, the cytoskeleton might provide a macromolecular scaffold, which spatially organizes components of a signal transduction cascade. Cell migration is a complex and multistep process involved in homeostasis maintenance, morphogenesis, and disease development, such as cancer metastasis, and requires coordination of cytoskeletal dynamics and reorganization, cell adhesion, and signal transduction, and takes a variety of forms. Many signaling pathways including Rho-family GTPases, Paxillin/FAK signaling and PI3K signaling is involved in the process by regulating cytoskeletal activity.

Since the cytoskeleton is involved in virtually all cellular processes, abnormalities in this essential cellular component frequently result in disease. Drugs that modulate microtubule stability, inhibitors of posttranslational modifications of cytoskeletal components, specifically compounds affecting the levels of tubulin acetylation, and compounds targeting signaling molecules which regulate cytoskeleton dynamics, constitute the mostly addressed therapeutic interventions for the diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

References:
[1] Janmey PA. Physiol Rev. 1998 Jul;78(3):763-81.
[2] Forgacs G, et al. J Cell Sci. 2004 Jun 1;117(Pt 13):2769-75.
[3] Eira J, et al. . Prog Neurobiol. 2016 Jun;141:61-82.


Anti-infection >
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MS-444

MS-444 inhibits the activity of purified smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) with an IC50 value of 10 μM.

  • CAS Number: 150045-18-4
  • MF: C13H10O4
  • MW: 230.21600
  • Catalog: Myosin
  • Density: 1.452g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 448.7ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 225.2ºC

VEGFR-2-IN-22

VEGFR-2-IN-22 (Compound 25) is a dual VEGFR-2 and β-tubulin polymerization inhibitor with an IC50 of 19.82 nM against VEGFR-2. VEGFR-2-IN-22 induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2447587-73-5
  • MF: C26H24ClFN4O6
  • MW: 542.94
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BIO 5192

BIO5192 is a selective and potent integrin α4β1 (VLA-4) inhibitor (Kd<10 pM). BIO5192 selectively binds to α4β1 (IC50=1.8 μM) over a range of other integrins. BIO5192 results in a 30-fold increase in mobilization of murine hematopoietic stem and progenitors (HSPCs) over basal levels[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 327613-57-0
  • MF: C38H46Cl2N6O8S
  • MW: 817.778
  • Catalog: Integrin
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ceratamine A

Ceratamine A is an antimitotic heterocyclic alkaloid isolated from the marine sponge Pseudoceratina sp., acts as a microtubule-stabilizing agent. Ceratamine A exhibits cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 634151-15-8
  • MF: C17H16Br2N4O2
  • MW: 468.14300
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: 1.722g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 543.271ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 282.36ºC

ML-9 Free Base

ML-9 (Free Base) is a selective and potent inhibitor of Akt kinase, inhibits myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) activity[3]. ML-9 (Free Base) inhibits inhibits MLCK, PKA and PKC activity with Ki values of 4, 32 and 54 μM, respectively[1]. ML-9 (Free Base) induces autophagy by stimulating autophagosome formation and inhibiting their degradation[3].

  • CAS Number: 110448-31-2
  • MF: C15H17ClN2O2S
  • MW: 324.82600
  • Catalog: Myosin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-Methoxyestradiol-d5

2-Methoxyestradiol-d5 is the deuterium labeled 2-Hydroxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].

  • CAS Number: 358731-34-7
  • MF: C19H21D5O3
  • MW: 307.44
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 464.4±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 234.7±28.7 °C

N2'-Deacetyl-N2'-[3-(methyldithio)-1-oxopropyl]maytansine

DM1-SMe is an unconjugated form of the Maytansinoid in IMGN901. DM1-SMe is about 3-10-fold more potent than the parent drug Maytansine, with IC50s ranging from 0.003 to 0.01 nM for DM1-SMe in a panel of human tumor cell lines[1].

  • CAS Number: 138148-68-2
  • MF: C36H50ClN3O10S2
  • MW: 784.37900
  • Catalog: ADC Cytotoxin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CFI402257

CFI-402257 is a highly selective and orally bioavailable TTK and Mps1 inhibitor with Kis of 0.1 and 0.09 nM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 1610759-22-2
  • MF: C28H30N6O3
  • MW: 498.58
  • Catalog: Mps1
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Mavacamten-d6

Mavacamten-d6 (MYK461-d6; SAR439152-d6) is deuterium labeled Mavacamten (HY-109037). Mavacamten (MYK461) is an orally active modulator of cardiac myosin, with IC50s of 490, 711 nM for bovine cardiac and human cardiac, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 2453251-18-6
  • MF: C15H13D6N3O2
  • MW: 279.37
  • Catalog: Myosin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ARRY-520 (R enantiomer)

ARRY-520 R enantiomer is the R-enantiomer of ARRY-520. ARRY-520 is a synthetic kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor with IC50 of 6 nM.

  • CAS Number: 885060-08-2
  • MF: C20H22F2N4O2S
  • MW: 420.47600
  • Catalog: Kinesin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5-Aminosalicylic acid-d3

5-Aminosalicylic acid-d3 is the deuterium labeled 5-Aminosalicylic Acid. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (Mesalamine) acts as a specific PPARγ agonist and also inhibits p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and NF-κB[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 1309283-32-6
  • MF: C7H4D3NO3
  • MW: 156.154
  • Catalog: PAK
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 403.9±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 198.1±27.3 °C

Mavacamten

Mavacamten is a modulator of cardiac myosin, with IC50s of 490, 711 nM for bovine cardiac and human cardiac, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 1642288-47-8
  • MF: C15H19N3O2
  • MW: 273.330
  • Catalog: Myosin
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tubulin inhibitor 23

Tubulin inhibitor 23 is a potent Tubulin inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.8 µM. Tubulin inhibitor 23 induces cell apoptosis. Tubulin inhibitor 23 shows antiangiogenic activity in a dose-dependent manner. Tubulin inhibitor 23 has the potential for the research of leukaemia[1].

  • CAS Number: 170488-57-0
  • MF: C26H23NO6S
  • MW: 477.53
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cys-McMMAF

Cys-McMMAF is the released payload of AlMcMMAF, an anti-5T4 humanized A1 antibody conjugated to the microtubule disrupting MMAF (HY-15579) via a maleimidocaproyl linker. Cys-McMMAF has antitumor efficacy in two tumor mouse models (H1975 and MDA-MB-361-DYT2 models)[1].

  • CAS Number: 1160590-05-5
  • MF: C52H83N7O13S
  • MW: 1046.32
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CK 666

CK-666 is a cell-permeable inhibitor of actin-related protein Arp2/3 complex, and binds to Arp2/3 complex, stabilizes the inactive state of the complex, blocking movement of the Arp2 and Arp3 subunits into the activated filament-like (short pitch) conformation[1].

  • CAS Number: 442633-00-3
  • MF: C18H17FN2O
  • MW: 296.33900
  • Catalog: Arp2/3 Complex
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NMS-P715

NMS-P715 analog is an inhibitor of MPS1, with an IC50 of 84 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1202055-34-2
  • MF: C35H42N8O3
  • MW: 622.760
  • Catalog: Mps1
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Vincristine Sulfate

Vincristine sulfate is an antitumor vinca alkaloid which inhibits microtubule formation in mitotic spindle, resulting in an arrest of dividing cells at the metaphase stage. It binds to microtubule with a Ki of 85 nM.

  • CAS Number: 2068-78-2
  • MF: C46H58N4O14S
  • MW: 923.036
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 273-281 °C
  • Melting Point: 300 °C
  • Flash Point: N/A

Etaracizumab

Etaracizumab (LM 609) is an αvβ3 integrin IgG1 monoclonal antibody. Etaracizumab inhibits angiogenesis and melanoma tumor growth. Etaracizumab can be used to research anticancer[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DM4

DM4 is is an antitubulin agent that inhibit cell division. DM4 can be used in the preparation of antibody drug conjugate.

  • CAS Number: 796073-69-3
  • MF: C38H54ClN3O10S
  • MW: 780.36700
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: 1.29±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 943.2±65.0 °C
  • Melting Point: 185-187 °C (decomp)
  • Flash Point: N/A

PVZB-1194

PVZB-1194 is a bis(hetero)aryl derivative that inhibits kinesin spindle protein (KSP) ATPase witn IC50 of 0.12 uM; inhibits HeLa cell proliferation with IC50 of 5.5 uM; potently inhibits KSP in a microruble dependent manner and induces a monoastral phenotype to arrest mitotic progression, abnormal KSP localization.

  • CAS Number: 1141768-04-8
  • MF: C13H9F4NO2S
  • MW: 319.275
  • Catalog: Kinesin
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 417.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 206.0±31.5 °C

K34c

K34c is a potent and selective α5β1 integrin antagonist. K34c can be used for glioblastoma research[1].

  • CAS Number: 939769-93-4
  • MF: C26H29N3O4
  • MW: 447.53
  • Catalog: Integrin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CCT251455

CCT251455 is a potent and selective mitotic kinase monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1400284-80-1
  • MF: C26H26ClN7O2
  • MW: 503.983
  • Catalog: Mps1
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 731.0±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 395.9±35.7 °C

MMAF (Hydrochloride)

MMAF hydrochloride is an antitubulin agent that inhibit cell division; inhibits H3397 cell growth with an IC50 of 105 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1415246-68-2
  • MF: C39H66ClN5O8
  • MW: 768.42300
  • Catalog: ADC Cytotoxin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BAY1217389

BAY 1217389 is a potent, and selective inhibitor of the monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) kinase with an IC50 value less than 10 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1554458-53-5
  • MF: C27H24F5N5O3
  • MW: 561.503
  • Catalog: Mps1
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Litronesib

Litronesib is a selective Eg5 inhibitor, with antitumor activity.

  • CAS Number: 910634-41-2
  • MF: C23H37N5O4S2
  • MW: 511.70100
  • Catalog: Kinesin
  • Density: 1.23 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

METHYLENE BLUE

Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) hydrate is a guanylyl cyclase (sGC), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue is a vasopressor and is often used as a dye in several medical procedures. Methylene blue hydrate through the nitric oxide syntase/guanylate cyclase signalling pathway to reduce prepulse inhibition. Methylene blue hydrate is a REDOX cycling compound and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Methylene blue hydrate is a Tau aggregation inhibitor. Methylene blue hydrate reduces cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 122965-43-9
  • MF: C16H20ClN3OS
  • MW: 337.86800
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: 0.6600g/ml
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 190ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A

ATL 1102

ATL 1102 is a novel second-generation antisense oligonucleotide to CD49d mRNA

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tubulin polymerization-IN-16

Tubulin polymerization-IN-16 (compound 5g) is a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. Tubulin polymerization-IN-16 shows most potent against cancer cells, with IC50 values of 0.084-0.221 μM. Tubulin polymerization-IN-16 potently disrupts microtubule/tubulin dynamics, induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in SGC-7901 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2296731-38-7
  • MF: C24H27N5O5
  • MW: 465.50
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AZ82

AZ82 is a selective HSET/KIFC1 inhibitor, with a Ki of 43 nM and an IC50 of 300 nM for KIFC1.

  • CAS Number: 1449578-65-7
  • MF: C28H31F3N4O3S
  • MW: 560.63
  • Catalog: Kinesin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tasidotin hydrochloride

Tasidotin hydrochloride is a peptide analog of the antimitotic depsipeptide dolastatin 15, as an inhibitor of microtubule assembly and microtubule dynamics.

  • CAS Number: 623174-20-9
  • MF: C32H59ClN6O5
  • MW: 643.30100
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A