Inophyllum B ((+)-Inophyllum B) is a potent HIV Reverse Transcriptase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 38 nM. Inophyllum B inhibits HIV-1 (IC50=1.4 μM) in vitro cell culture. Inophyllum B can be isolated from the acetone extract of the giant African snail, Achatina fulica[1].
Valopicitabine (NM283), an efficient prodrug of the potent anti-HCV agent 2'-C-methylcytidine, acts as a promising antiviral agent for reasearch of chronic HCV infection[1].
Mitoguazone (Methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone)) is a synthetic polycarbonyl derivative with potent antineoplastic activity. Mitoguazone is a brain-penetrant and competitive S-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) inhibitor that disrupts polyamine biosynthesis. Mitoguazone induces cell apoptosis. Mitoguazone inhibits HIV DNA integration into the cellular DNA in both monocytes and macrophages. Mitoguazone has the potential for acute leukemia, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treatment[1][2][3][4].
Methyl salvionolate A is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1. Methyl salvionolate A inhibits P24 antigen in HIV-1 infected MT-4 cell with an EC50 of 1.62 μg/ml. Methyl salvionolate A also inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase with IC50s of 50.58, 10.73 and 7.58 μg/ml, respectively[1].
(2RS)-FPMPA can be used for synthesis of antiretroviral agents against HIV-1 and HIV-2[1].
Emtricitabine Degradant-III is a major degradation product of Emtricitabine. Emtricitabine is a potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used for the treatment of HIV infection.
Celgosivir hydrochloride (MDL 28574A) is an α-glucosidase I inhibitor; inhibits bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) with an IC50 of 1.27 μM in in vitro assay.
Bryostatin 1 is a natural macrolide isolated from the bryozoan Bugula neritina and is a potent and central nervous system (CNS)-permeable PKC modulator. Bryostatin 1 binds to the isolated C1 domain of Munc13-1 and the full-length Munc13-1 protein with Kis of 8.07 nM and 0.45 nM, respectively. Bryostatin 1 has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-HIV-1 infection properties[1][2][3][4].
Novel capsid targeted inhibitor of HIV-1 replication
TC14012, a serum-stable derivative of T140, is a selective and peptidomimetic inverse CXCR4 agonist with an IC50 of 19.3 nM. TC14012 is a potent CXCR7 agonist an EC50 of 350 nM for recruiting β-arrestin 2 to CXCR7. TC14012 has anti-HIV activity and anti-cancer activity[1][2].
5-Fluorouracil-13C4,15N2 is the 13C and 15N labeled 5-Fluorouracil[1]. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an analogue of uracil and a potent antitumor agent. 5-Fluorouracil affects pyrimidine synthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthetase thus depleting intracellular dTTP pools. 5-Fluorouracil induces apoptosis and can be used as a chemical sensitizer[2][3]. 5-Fluorouracil also inhibits HIV[4].
Aeroplysinin 1 ((+)-Aeroplysinin-1), a secondary metabolite isolated from marine sponges, shows potent antibiotic effects on Gram-positive bacteria and exerts antiviral activity against HIV-1 (IC50=14.6 μM). Aeroplysinin 1 has anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities. Aeroplysinin 1 induces apoptosis in endothelial cells[1][2].
(±)-BI-D is a potent ALLINI(An allosteric IN inhibitor) that binds integrase at the LEDGF/p75 binding site.IC50 value: 2.4–2.9 μM(HIV-Luc infection of WT and Hdgfrp2 KO cells) [1]Target: integrase inhibitorin vitro: Approximately 2.4–2.9 μM of BI-D was required to inhibit 50% of HIV-Luc infection of WT and Hdgfrp2 KO cells, while the IC50 decreased dramatically, to 160–200 nM, in Psip1 and double-KO cells [1].
RPR103611, the betulinic acid derivative, is a potent HIV-1 entry inhibitor with IC50s of 80, 0.27, and 0.17 for CCR5-tropic virus YU2, CXCR4-tropic virus NL4-3 and dual tropic virus 89.6, respectively[1].
ZINC04177596 is a potent HIV-negative factor (HIV-Nef) protein inhibitor. Nef is an accessory gene product of HIV and has an imperative role in viral replication and AIDS pathogenesis[1].
Sennoside A is an anthraquinone glycoside, found in large quantities in leaves and pods of Senna (Cassia angustifolia)[1]. Sennoside A is a HIV-1 inhibitor effective on HIV-1 replication[2].
HIV-1 inhibitor-51, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), exhibits outstanding antiviral activity against WT HIV-1 (IIIB) and a panel of mutant strains. HIV-1 inhibitor-51 has high binding affinity (KD=2.50 μM) and inhibitory activity (IC50=0.03 μM) to WT HIV-1 RT. HIV-1 inhibitor-51 has EC50s of 2.22-53.3 nM for mutant strains(L100I, K103N, Y181C, Y188L, E138K, F227L + V106A, RES056)[1].
Calcium mesoxalate blocks HIV-1 RT (IC50: 2.2 μM)[1][2].
Prostratin, a natural terpenoid compound, is a PKC activator, with a Ki of 12.5 nM and shows inhibitory effect on HIV-1.
HIV-1 inhibitor-27 (compound 5) is a potent HIV-1 inhibitor with IC50s of 16 μM, 0.5 μM and 0.39 μM for HIV-1 YU2, NL4-3 and 89.6 strain, respectively. HIV-1 inhibitor-27 has low cytotoxicity with a CC50 of 128 μM in TZM-bl cells. HIV-1 inhibitor-27 can be used for researching AIDS[1].
APJ receptor agonist 1, a biphenyl acid derivative, is a potent APJ receptor (APJ-R) agonist (EC50s 0.093 and 0.12 nM for human and rat APJ-R, respectively). APJ receptor agonist 1 displays in vitro potency to apelin-13, the endogenous peptidic ligand for the APJ receptor. APJ receptor agonist 1 has the potential for the research of heart failure[1].
Trilobatin, a natural sweetener derived from Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd[1], Trilobatin is an HIV-1 entry inhibitor targeting the HIV-1 Gp41 envelope[2]. Neuroprotective effects[1]. Trilobatin is also a SGLT1/2 inhibitor that selectively induces the proliferation of human hepatoblastoma cells[3].
HIV-1 inhibitor-57 (Compound 12g) is a HIV inhibitor. HIV-1 inhibitor-57 is active against wild-type and five prevalent NNRTI-resistant HIV-1 strains with EC50 values ranging from 0.024 to 0.0010 μM. HIV-1 inhibitor-57 forms additional interactions with residues around the binding site in HIV-1 RT[1].
TAK-779 is a potent and selective nonpeptide antagonist of CCR5 and CXCR3, with a Ki of 1.1 nM for CCR5, and effectively and selectively inhibits R5 HIV-1, with EC50 and EC90 of 1.2 nM and 5.7 nM, respectively, in MAGI-CCR5 cells.
Claficapavir (A1752) is a specific nucleocapsid protein (NC) inhibitor with an IC50 around 1 μM. Claficapavir strongly binds the HIV-1 NC (Kd=20 nM) thereby inhibiting the chaperone properties of NC and leading to good antiviral activity against the HIV-1[1].
HIV-1 inhibitor-3 is a HIV infection inhibitor extracted from patent US2018360927[1].
Sulfadoxine D3 is a deuterium labeled Sulfadoxine. Sulfadoxine is a long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract and malarial infections. Sulfadoxine inhibits HIV replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
VEC-5 is a HIV-1 inhibitor. VEC5 have been evaluated for their inhibitory potential employing ligand receptor and protein-protein interactions studies. VEC-5 exhibited better interaction with Vif than RN18.
Lersivirine(UK-453061) is a next-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI, IC50=119 nM) with a unique resistance profile that exhibits potent antiretroviral activity against wild-type human immunodeficiency virus and clinically relevant NNRTI-resistant strains.IC50 value: 0.119 uM [1]Target: NNRTIUK-453061(Compound 5) demonstrated excellent activity against large panels of wild type and drug-resistant HIV consistent with the encouraging profile demonstrated against the isolated RT enzymes. Compound 5 can be readily prepared in multi-gram quantities by virtue of the efficient and concise synthetic route. The compound also has good aqueous solubility and formulation characteristics which enable further in vivo evaluation. Clinical trials evaluating the potential of 5 (UK-453,061, lersivirine) to treat HIV infection are proceeding and further progress will be reported in due course [1].At clinically relevant lersivirine doses (500-1,000 mg total daily dose), the mean plasma exposure of midazolam was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by 20-36 %. Co-administration of lersivirine 1,000 mg QD with OCs had minor PK effects, increasing ethinylestradiol exposure by 10 % and reducing levonorgestrel exposure by 13 % [2]. Mated Crl:CD1(ICR) mice were administered 0, 150, 350, and 500 mg/kg lersivirine once daily by oral gavage on gestation days 6 to 17, followed by cesarean section on gestation day 18. The first 2 days of dosing for the high-dose group were done at 250 mg/kg to allow induction of hepatic metabolizing enzymes, after which the dose was increased to 500 mg/kg/day [3].