Biotinyl-neuropeptide W-23 (human) is a biotinylated neuropeptide W-23 (human) (HY-P1035). Neuropeptide W-23 (human) is an agonist of NPBW1 (GPR7) and NPBW2 (GPR8)[1][2].
Dyrk1A-IN-3 (Compound 8b), a highly selective dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) inhibitor, maintains high levels of DYRK1A binding affinity (IC50=76 nM). Dyrk1A-IN-3 can be used for the research of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease, and Parkinson’s Disease[1].
Stiripentol-d9 (BCX2600-d9) is the deuterium labeled Stiripentol. Stiripentol (STP) is an anticonvulsant agent, which can inhibit N-demethylation of CLB to NCLB mediatated by CYP3A4 (noncompetitively) and CYP2C19 (competitively) with Ki of 1.59±0.07 and 0.516±0.065 μM and IC50 of 1.58 and 3.29 μM, respectively[1][2].
BMT-090605 hydrochloride is a potent, selective the adapter protein-2 associated kinase 1 (AAK1) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.6 nM. BMT-090605 hydrochloride shows antinociceptive activity. BMT-090605 hydrochloride inhibits BMP-2-inducible protein kinase (BIKE) and Cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) with IC50 values of 45 nM and 60 nM, respectively. BMT-090605 hydrochloride can be used for the research of neuropathic pain[1].
BTA-EG4 is a catalase-amyloid interaction inhibitor, which can significantly enhance the neurotoxicity of amyloid peptides in catalase-overexpressing neuronal cells, and can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases[1].
N-acetyl lysyltyrosylcysteine amide (KYC) is a potent, tripeptide inhibitor of myeloperoxidase (MPO), inhibits MPO-mediated hypochlorous acid (HOCl) formation (IC50=7 uM) and nitration/oxidation of LDL; completely inhibits HOCl production at 25 uM, decreases vascular oxidative stress and increases vasodilatation in sickle cell disease mice; reduces oxidative stress-mediated inflammation, neuronal damage, and neural stem cell injury in murine model of stroke.
Aβ/tau aggregation-IN-1 is a potent Aβ1-42 β-sheets formation and tau aggregation inhibitor. The KD values of Aβ/tau aggregation-IN-1 with Aβ1-42 and tau are 160 μM and 337 μM, respectively. Aβ/tau aggregation-IN-1 can permeate the blood-brain barrier[1].
Sigma-LIGAND-1 hydrochloride is a selective sigma receptor ligand with an IC50s of 16 nM, 19 nM at the DTG site and the PPP site, respectively. Sigma-LIGAND-1 hydrochloride has a Ki of 4000 nM at the dopamine D2 receptor[1].
PF9601N, an monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor, possesses neuroprotective properties in several in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease (PD). PF9601N can be used for the research of neurodegenerative diseases mediated by excitotoxicity[1].
(S)-Donepezil is a S-enantiomer of Donepezil (HY-14566). Donepezil is a specific and potent AChE inhibitor[1][2].
Spinosad, a mixture of spinosyns A and D known as fermentation products of a soil actinomycete (Saccharopolyspora spinosa), is a biological neurotoxic insecticide with a broader action spectrum. Spinosad targets the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) of the insect nervous system. Spinosad has an excellent environmental and mammalian toxicological profile. Larvicidal activity[1][2][3].
Tanshinone IIB is a major active constituent of the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) widely used for the research of stroke and coronary heart disease in Asian countries. Tanshinone IIB has a neuroprotective effect via inhibition of apoptosis[1].
Rubrofusarin is an orange polyketide pigment from Fusarium graminearum[1]. Rubrofusarin is also an active ingredient of the Cassia species and ameliorates chronic restraint stress (CRS) -induced depressive symptoms through PI3K/Akt signaling. Rubrofusarin has anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects[2][3].
ML 315 is a selective dual inhibitor of CDK and DYRK with IC50s of 68 nM and 282 nM, respectively. ML 315 is used in cancer and neurological disease research[1].
Sibutramine hydrochloride monohydrate is a novel 5-HT (serotonin) and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). The IC50 for Sibutramine block of voltage-gated K+ channel (KV)4.3 is 17.3 μM.
Neuropeptide Y5 receptor ligand-1 (compound 54), a carbazole derivative, is a potent neuropeptide Y5 (NPY-5) receptor antagonist[1].
mAChR antagonist 1 (compound 4a) is a mAChR antagonist with Ki values of 255 nM, 121 nM, 158 nM, and 255 nM for M1, M3, M4, and M5 subtype, respectively[1].
DR2313 is a potent, selective, competitive and brain-penetrant inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), with IC50s of 0.20 μM and 0.24 μM for PARP-1 and PARP-2, respectively. DR2313 exhibits neuroprotective effects on ischemic injuries in vitro and in vivo[1][2].
Vitexin is a c-glycosylated flavone, and is found in various medicinal plants species such as Ficus deltoid and Spirodela polyrhiza. Vitexin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects[1][2].
PW0464, a nanomolar potent complete G protein biased ligand, is a noncatechol D1R agonist, with an EC50 of 5.8 nM (Gs-cAMP)[1].
VUF 8430 (dihydrobromide) is a potent and selective histamine H4 receptor agonist with a Ki of 31.6 nM and an EC50 of 50 nM[1].
Hypertrehalosemic neuropeptide (Nauphoeta cinerea) is a neuropeptide in the adipokinetic hormone/red pigment-concentrating hormone (AKH/RPCH) family, and can stimulate the synthesis of trehalose[1].
PD-168077 maleate is a selective dopamine D4 receptor agonist, with a Ki of 9 nM.
Bevonescein is a fluorescently-labeled peptide that specifically binds to the human neurons or human nerves. Bevonescein can be used as a diagnostic imaging agent[1][2].
VU0424238 is a novel and selective mGlu5 antagonist with an IC50 value of 11 nM (rat) and an IC50 value of 14 nM (human). VU0424238 has an acceptable CNS penetration[1].
Seltorexant hydrochloride (JNJ-42847922 hydrochloride) is an orally active, high-affinity, and selective OX2R antagonist (pKi values of 8.0 and 8.1 for human and rat OX2R). Seltorexant hydrochloride crosses the blood-brain barrier and quickly occupies OX2R binding sites in the rat brain[1].
Antazoline is an H1 receptor antagonist that affects the activity of the central nervous system, has a potent antiarrhythmic effect[1][2][3].
Thiorphan-d7 is the deuterium labeled Thiorphan[1]. Thiorphan is a selective NEP (neprilysin) inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.9 nM[2].
1-Phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone (1-Phenylpyrrolidin-2-one) is a phenyl analogue of GABA with sedative effect, decreasing the exploratory behavior of rats at 50-100 mg/kg (i.v.). 1-Phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone also has been proved to inhibit emotional reactions in dogs and cats. 1-Phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone induces decreases in the pressor reaction to emotional stress without accompanied by normalization of the function of baroreceptor reflexes[1][2].
Primidone is an anticonvulsant of the pyrimidinedione class.Target: GABA ReceptorPrimidone is an anticonvulsant of the pyrimidinedione class, the active metabolites of which, phenobarbital (minor) and phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) (major), are also anticonvulsants. It is believed to work via interactions with voltage-gated sodium channels which inhibit high-frequency repetitive firing of action potentials [1]. The effect of primidone in essential tremor is not mediated by PEMA.[76] The major metabolite, phenobarbital, is also a potent anticonvulsant in its own right and likely contributes to primidone's effects in many forms of epilepsy [2]. Primidone and the other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants can cut the half-life of antipyrine roughly in half (6.2 ± 1.9 h vs. 11.2 ± 4.2 h), and increases the clearance rate by almost 70%. Phenobarbital reduces the half-life to 4.8 ± 1.3 and increases the clearance by almost 109% [3].