SDF-1α (human) is a mononuclear cells chemoattractant that can bind to CXCR4. SDF-1α plays a central role in stem cell homing, retention, survival, proliferation, cardiomyocyte repair, angiogenesis and ventricular remodelling following myocardial infarction. SDF-1α (human) can be used in cardiovascular disease research[1][2].
Indomethacin heptyl ester is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.04 μM, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity[1].
Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine, is a major metabolite of hydroxyzine, and a racemic selective H1 receptor inverse agonist used in the treatment of allergies, hay fever, angioedema, and urticaria. IC50 value:Target: Histamine H1 receptorCetirizine crosses the blood-brain barrier only slightly, reducing the sedative side-effect common with older antihistamines. It has also been shown to inhibit eosinophil chemotaxis and LTB4 release. At a dosage of 20 mg, Boone et al. found that it inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 in patients with atopic dermatitis. The levorotary enantiomer of cetirizine, known as levocetirizine, is the more active form. From Wikipedia.
Sulfamethizole is a sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.Target: AntibacterialSulfamethizole is a sulfathiazole antibacterial agent. Sulfamethizole is a competitive inhibitor of bacterial para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a substrate of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. The inhibited reaction is necessary in these organisms for the synthesis of folic acid. Sulfamethizole, an inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthetase and the formation of folic acid, inhibited bioluminescence more than growth [1]. Treatment with sulfamethizole resulted in a significant reduction in bacterial counts in all samples from a susceptible strain (MIC, 128 micro g/ml) and a resistant strain (MIC, 512 micro g/ml). Infection with a sulII gene-positive strain (MIC, >2,048 micro g/ml) could not be treated with sulfamethizole, as no effect could be demonstrated in the urine, bladder, or kidneys [2].
Antazoline is an H1 receptor antagonist that affects the activity of the central nervous system, has a potent antiarrhythmic effect[1][2][3].
Eltenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a COX inhibitor. Eltenac shows IC50 of 0.03 μM for both COX-1 and COX-2 in isolated human whole blood[1].
Benztropine-d3 (mesylate) is the deuterium labeled Benztropine mesylate[1]. Benztropine mesylate (Benzatropine mesylate) is an orally active centrally acting anticholinergic agent that can be used for Parkinson's disease research. Benztropine mesylate is an anti-histamine agent and a dopamine re-uptake inhibitor. Benztropine mesylate is also a human D2 dopamine receptor allosteric antagonist. Benztropine mesylate also has anti-CSCs (cancer stem cells) effects[2][3].
SUVN-G3031 (SUVN-G 3031) is a potent, selective, orally active histamine H3 receptor (H3R) inverse agonist with Ki of 8.73 nM (hH3R); exhibited an IC50 of 20 nM with progressive inhibition of (R)-α-methylhistamine (0.03 µM) induced agonist activity in [35S]-GTPγS binding assay using CHO-K1 cells expressing human H3R membranes; reverses (R)-α-methylhistamine induced dipsogenia in vivo. Parkinson Disease Phase 1 Clinical
A potent and selective (up to 263-fold) inhibitor of breast cancer cells with GI50 of 0.5 uM (MCF-7), via activation the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway; inhibits other cell lines derived from other tumour types with GI50 of 3.2-46 uM (lung, colon, ovary, neuronal, glial, prostate, and pancreas); potently inhibits the growth of T47D, ZR-75-1, MCF-7, SKBR3, and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells with GI50 of 0.16-0.38 uM, induces cell cycle arrest checkpoint activation and DNA damage; binds to the AhR, induces translocation to the nucleus, activates the XRE, induces CYP1 activity, culminating in cell cycle arrest, checkpoint activation, DNA damage and cell death.
2-Aminoimidazole is a potent antibiofilm agent that can be used as an adjuvant to antimicrobial. 2-aminoimidazoles disrupts the ability of bacteria to protect themselves by inhibiting biofilm formation and genetically-encoded antibiotic resistance traits. 2-Aminoimidazole is also a weak noncompetitive inhibitor of human arginase I with a Ki of 3.6 mM[1][2][3].
Cobitolimod sodium is a DNA oligonucleotide agonist of TLR-9 with anti-inflammatory activity. Cobitolimod sodium inhibits Th17 cells and induces anti-inflammatory FoxP3 and IL-10 expression, inhibiting the IL-17 signaling pathway[1].
Garivulimab (BGB-A333) is a humanized IgG1-variant monoclonal antibody that specifically targets and binds to PD-L1. Garivulimab selectively blocks the interaction of PD-L1 and PD-1. Garivulimab has antitumor activity[1].
TLR7 agonist 14 (compound 17b) is a highly potent TLR7 agonist with an EC50 of 18 nM. TLR7 agonist 14 potently induces the activation of mouse macrophages and hPBMCs at low-nanomolar concentrations[1].
(Rac)-Levomepromazine-d3 ((Rac)-Methotrimeprazine-d3) hydrochloride is a labelled racemic Methotrimeprazine, which is a phenothiazine which has antagonist actions at multiple neurotransmitter receptor sites, including dopaminergic, cholinergic, serotonin and histamine receptors[1][2].
SUN 1334H is a potent, orally active, highly selective H1 receptor antagonist, with Ki of 9.7 nM.
NOS-IN-3 (Compound 9a) is a potent, selective, imidamide derived NOS inhibitor with an IC50 against iNOS of 4.6 µM, without inhibiting eNOS. NOS-IN-3 has little toxicity and can be studied in the treatment of inducible isoform involved diseases, such as septic shock[1].
NSC61610 disrupts hIL-18 binding to the ectromelia virus IL-18BP. NSC61610 inhibits hIL-18:ectvIL-18BP complex formation with an IC50 about 6 uM[1].
S 38093 is a brain-penetrant antagonist of H3 receptor, with Ki of 8.8, 1.44 and 1.2 µM for rat, mouse and human H3 receptors, respectively.
KTX-612 is an orally active IRAK4 degrader with a DC50 value of 7 nM. KTX-612 can be used for the research of oncology[1].
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid) lithium is an orally active, potent and irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 5 and 210 μg/mL, respectively. Aspirin lithium induces apoptosis. Aspirin lithium inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Aspirin lithium also inhibits platelet prostaglandin synthetase, and can prevent coronary artery and cerebrovascular thrombosis[1][2][3][4][5][6].
Tuvonralimab (PSB-205; QL1706) is a dual immune checkpoint blockade containing a mixture of anti-PD-1 IgG4 and anti-CTLA-4 IgG1 antibodies, Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab[1].
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA) ((γ-glutamylcysteine (TFA)), an intermediate in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, is a dipeptide served as an essential cofactor for the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA) also upregulates the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and reduces the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and attenuates the changes in metalloproteinase activity in oligomeric Aβ40-treated astrocytes[1].
AZD-4818 is a potent antagonist of chemokine CCR1. AZD-4818 can be used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [1].
Balsalazide could suppress colitis-associated carcinogenesis through modulation of IL-6/STAT3 pathway.
Nω-Propyl-L-arginine hydrochloride (N-omega-Propyl-L-arginine hydrochloride) is a potent, competitive, and highly selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), with a Ki of 57 nM. Nω-Propyl-L-arginine hydrochloride displays a 149-fold selectivity for nNOS over endothelial NOS (eNOS)[1][2].
Tyrphostin A1(AG9) inhibits CD40L-stimulated IL-12 production in macrophage cultures and antigen-induced generation of Th1 cells.IC50 value: Target: IL-12 production inhibitorAddition of increasing concentration of A1 resulted in a dose dependent decrease of IL-12 p40, with maximal inhibition (62.5%) occurring at a dose of 10 μM. tyrphostin A1 blocks CD40L-induced translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus, and reduces the activation of IL-12 p40 gene. In vivo therapy with A1 leads to decrease in generation of myelin basic protein (MBP) specific encephalitogenic T cells. In addition, treatment of SJL/J mice with A1 results in attenuation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) [1]. Tyrphostin A1 is a much weaker inhibitor of TK than other tyrphostins (IC50>1250 μM for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase), and therefore often used to differentiate TK-mediated effects of tyrphostins from other non-specific effects [2].
Rehmapicrogenin, isolated from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting iNOS, COX-2 and IL-6[1].
SKI-178 is a potent sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1) and SphK2 inhibitor. SKI-178 is cytotoxic at IC50 concentrations ranging from 1.8 to 0.1 μM in both drug sensitive and multi-drug resistant cancer cell lines (i.e., MTR3, NCI-ADR and HL60/VCR). SKI-178 induces apoptosis in a CDK1-dependent manner in human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines[1][2].
Polygalasaponin F, an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin extracted from Polygala japonica, decreases the release of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa). Polygalasaponin F reduces neuroinflammatory cytokine secretion through the regulation of the TLR4-PI3K/AKT-NF-kB signaling pathway [1].
Methdilazine hydrochloride is an orally active antibiotic (histamine antagonist). Methdilazine hydrochloride can inhibit various mycobacterium with MIC values at 5-15 μg/mL in vitro and in vivo, which can be used for the research of infectious diseases[1][2].